Write a dialogue in which John Hick, the astro-physicist priest (lets Essay

Compose a discourse where John Hick, the astro-physicist cleric (lets call him Father Tom) from Arthur C. Clarkes The Star, the Devil, - Essay Example Out principle plan was about Science and Religion and which hypothesis of the two appeared to be progressively believable as clear in the Star by Arthur Clarke (Rabkin, 1980). John Hick: My night is fine †¦ you should? (He extends his correct hand to meet mine in a greeting. I understood that the lines all over represented one who is profoundly upset by some questions he was unable to discover answers to. So I added to assist him with verbally processing about his burdens). The storyteller: Father†¦ for what reason would you say you are in the outside? I figured it would be fine on the off chance that you were inside the room with the goal that this flame could carry light into the room and alarm mindful insects†¦ you know†¦ things like that (I delayed to permit him an opportunity to react while he mixed a seat for me to go along with him in the discussion). John Hick: (While supporting his cheeks, he started): Little one, you are yet to live the length of time I have been relaxing. That is the reason you will most likely be unable to see a portion of these things. Regardless, I’ve picked my latrine apparently to deal with what religion and science has available for us people. John Hicks: The house is counterfeit; it in fact jumbles my vision of nature. The images of science, for example, the planets, cosmic systems, the moon, dimness, peeping crickets, wind are more genuine to me here than when I’m inside the house. With these images of nature so true and genuine, I do endow my strict confidence with answers concerning their birthplace, yet in situations where I’m sure that religion isn't giving me the appropriate responses that I need, I allude to Science. In any case, my fundamental concerns originate from the contending speculations; I’m in fact lost for however with respect to which side has the entirety of the responses to nature. John Hicks: It isn't that simple the manner in which you think, my little companion. I should concede here before you that that the lines you are seeing on my

What is WordPress Hosting

So youve effectively settled on the savvy decision to go with WordPress for your site. Presently, youre on to settling on the following significant choice for your site: facilitating. Among a flood of terms like shared, committed, and VPN, youve go over this thing called WordPress facilitating. So what is WordPress facilitating? WordPress facilitating is simply facilitating that has been upgraded to all the more likely meet WordPress execution and security needs. It likewise ordinarily incorporates a single tick WordPress introduces to make it simple to begin with WordPress. What's more, some WordPress hosts will even naturally refresh your WordPress programming as needed.There are two primary sorts of WordPress facilitating shared WordPress facilitating and oversaw WordPress facilitating. Sick talk about each in more detail below.TL;DR: The principle contrasts clarified in videoDo you need WordPress facilitating to run WordPress?No. WordPress least prerequisites are genuinely irrele vant. All you need is a host with PHP form 5.2.4 or higher and MySQL 5.0.15 or higher to run WordPress. In plain English, this means each host is actually fit for taking care of WordPress.But that doesnt imply that all hosts are equivalent with regards to running WordPress. That is to say, in fact eating Soylent Green each day for an amazing remainder will give all of you the sustenance you have to live. Be that as it may, that doesnt mean its the best formula for a glad life!So, in the event that you need to go past simply facilitating a WordPress webpage, a quality WordPress facilitating can assist you with running WordPress better.Looking into what is WordPress facilitating, our sister-webpage, CodeInWP, ran a review of WordPress webpage proprietors and found that those webpage proprietors who facilitated with WordPress-upgraded has detailed better generally fulfillment with their host over various metrics.What is shared WordPress hosting?As I referenced, youll regularly observe two sorts of WordPress facilitating in your search:Shared WordPress facilitating (frequently simply abbreviated to WordPress hosting)Managed WordPress hostingShared WordPress facilitating is quite often the less expensive of the two options.With shared WordPress facilitating, your website will impart a server to different sites. Your server will in any case be execution enhanced for WordPress, you just wont have everything to yourself.In expansion to the exhibition changes, youll likewise gain admittance to some kind of a single tick WordPress installer. Truly, this isnt a tremendous draw in light of the fact that cPanel (accessible on most has) as of now incorporates a single tick WordPress installer. In any case, some mutual WordPress hosts will go above and beyond and give you the choice of pre-introducing WordPress.Finally, some WordPress hosts will offer to consequently overhaul your WordPress programming. In some cases they will even overhaul your modules and subjects as well! Keeping your WordPress site refreshed is a basic safety effort, making this element very important.You may locate some common WordPress has which offer considerably more WordPress-explicit highlights, however the above are practically the base standard.Shared WordPress has regularly offer steep limits for your first charging cycle. From that point onward, costs bounce back to typical. For your first charging cycle, you can hope to pay as meager as $3-4 every month. After your first cycle, youll regularly pay from $7-10. Recall those are simply beginning costs higher level shared WordPress plans run more expensive.Typical estimating for shared WordPress hostingWhat is overseen WordPress hosting?If shared WordPress facilitating is a perfect 3-star inn, oversaw WordPress facilitating is a 5-star resort with beachfront views.In expansion to everything offered by shared facilitating, oversaw WordPress facilitating normally offers:Faster speeds. Overseen WordPress facilitating outright o ffers better equipment specs, which implies a speedier WordPress site.Server-side storing. Storing is perhaps the greatest thing you can never really up your WordPress site. Normally you need a module to deal with it, yet oversaw WordPress has give you better storing with zero work on your end.Better security. Youll get WordPress-explicit firewalls, just as ordinary malware sweeps and interruption identification. All that language implies an altogether progressively secure WordPress site.Staging locales. Many oversaw has offer organizing destinations which permit you to handily test changes to your site before you make them live.So whats the catch? Overseen WordPress facilitating is progressively costly. With a couple of exemptions like SiteGround and Flywheel, youll by and large need to pay in the scope of $25+ every month for quality oversaw WordPress hosting.Should you pick shared or oversaw WordPress hosting?The standard hold back is that learners ought to pick modest shared Wor dPress facilitating and high-traffic locales ought to pick oversaw WordPress facilitating. I for the most part concur with that investigation, yet I think it neglects one fact:Time is money.If youre a learner its simple to get overpowered attempting to do things like design storing and keep steady over updates. At the point when you go with oversaw WordPress facilitating, you dont need to stress over any of that.Yes, you are paying more cash. Yet, that additional cash implies you need to invest less energy dealing with the presentation of your site. OK pay an extra $15 every month to spare 3 hours of striking your head against the divider attempting to make sense of precisely how best to change your storing module? I know I would.So, if spending plan is your essential worry, by all methods go with shared WordPress facilitating as a fledgling. Simply recall that, at the less expensive cost, you are passing up the attendant services offered by oversaw WordPress hosts.Recommended WordP ress hostsYouve made it this far, you currently recognize what is WordPress facilitating, so what about some WordPress facilitating recommendations?Through a mix of individual audits and our publicly supported WordPress facilitating study, I feel certain suggesting these WordPress hosts:SiteGround Read our SiteGround survey. SiteGround begins at $11.95 every month ($3.95 with promotion cost) and offers shared facilitating with some oversaw features.SiteGround offers shared WordPress facilitating with some oversaw features.A2 Hosting Read our A2 Hosting audit. A2 facilitating begins at $7.99 every month ($2.96 with promotion cost) and offers shockingly quick speeds for a mutual WordPress host.Flywheel Read our Flywheel Review. Flywheel begins at $23 every month and offers oversaw WordPress hosting.Kinsta Read our Kinsta Review. Kinsta begins at $30 every month and offers very good quality oversaw WordPress hosting.If you have any further inquiries concerning what is WordPress facilit ating, leave them in the remarks and Ill give a valiant effort to help! What is #WordPress #hosting? Your answers here

Brand Resonance in Franchising Relationships Strategic Management

Question: Examine about the Brand Resonance in Franchising Relationships for Strategic Management. Answer: Layout of the Business Plan For accomplishing the vital activity of ToolsCorp of growing in the worldwide commercial center, the items and administration portfolio that can be given all around should be resolved. The items worked by the organization are grass furniture, yard trimmers, power apparatuses, microwaves and ranges. To attempt to look for its place in the worldwide commercial center, the association will likewise break down the market. The client needs, target market and contenders will be investigated. The key execution will be talked about where the business area and unique hardware will be illustrated. The potential repercussions or dangers, and input components are conceived (Mullins, 2012). A Preliminary Market Analysis For propelling the organization in the worldwide commercial center, ToolsCorp needs to direct a primer investigation in regards to the arrangement, quality, costs, and selling focuses. The objective market additionally should be broke down. Market Segmentation The market for ToolsCorp can be separated into different sections based on basic premiums, needs and evolving requests. The different fragments are: Geographic Segmentation ToolsCorp needs to show a drive for worldwide development from Tennessee, which is as of now settled in the south-eastern locale of the United States. The organization can consider extending in different pieces of the United States and cross the regional limits. America, yet different nations, for example, Australia and India can be investigated for development. Both the nations have huge business openings (Bodea Ferguson, 2012). Segment Segmentation The division should be possible based on sexual orientation, age, occupation and instruction level. The results of ToolsCorp will suit the two people. The garden trimmers and microwaves streamline the work and make it mechanized. The individuals who are profession situated will incline toward buying microwaves as it makes work simpler. The individuals who have planting or related occupations, they will buy grass trimmers. The garden furniture can be bought by all age gatherings of individuals. Decisively, the results of ToolsCorp are reasonable for the age bunch 25-50 (McDonald Dunbar, 2011). Psychographic division The individuals who have a functioning public activity can be sorted under this market fragment. The individuals with an extraordinary stylish sense who have confidence in making their place and condition look delightful are additionally focused on. These are extravagance items and the individuals with a sumptuous way of life are liable to target. The individuals ready to invest their relaxation energy sumptuously are generally responsive under this division. The conventional strategies for cooking and cutting the grass from the yard are obsolete. The individuals wish to streamline their work and decide on mechanical advancements are arranged under this market section (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). Target Market The objective market is picked as the individuals having a place with the age bunch 25-50 who are profession arranged, have a have a social-financial status and incline toward moving with the mechanical patterns. Not simply occupants, the items are appropriate for the experts who own lodgings and the travel industry spots. The item classification is additionally appropriate for the regions, nursery and park proprietors who open spots for the individuals ready to unwind. Likewise, the force devices are valuable in the development business as the contractual workers and draftsmen utilize these supplies to fill their need (Hair, 2013). Selling Points ToolsCorp will be sold in retail locations just as store monsters, for example, Walmart, Woolworths, Tesco, Marks and Spencer and different others. The organizations are well known in selling hardware and they draw in countless purchasers routinely. These worldwide retailers have a wide scope of items and administrations. Besides, the items, for example, yard furniture, garden trimmers, power instruments, microwaves and others can likewise be conveyed online universally. The customers have built up a web based shopping mentality as they are hesitant to visit the stores. In this way, ToolsCorp can grow the business sectors online to build deals. The conveyance charges might be relevant dependent on the separation and weight of the item (Dent, 2011). Market Positioning The worldwide market situating of the results of ToolsCorp ought to be viewed as a respectable and sumptuous range. The costs accused will be serious of the extravagant brands as the association needs to situate itself as a lavish brand. The organization must guarantee virtue and high caliber of items and administrations with the goal that the retailer goliaths consider including it in the business (Bruggeman et al., 2012). Significant Competitors For microwaves, there are different global, for example, LG, Samsung, Morphy Richards, Black and Decker and different others. These brands hold a high measure of piece of the overall industry in the worldwide market. These brands are famous for its scope of hardware and apparatuses (Kapferer, 2013). The acclaimed power instruments brands are Metabo, Bosch, Hitachi, Dewalt, Stanley, Cheston, Powertec and different others. These organizations give a wide scope of items, for example, drill, point processor, stick firearms, force and hand toolbox, screw weapons, nailers and staplers, blowers, power planes, welding machines and different others. Every one of these brands are sold in the worldwide market retailers, for example, Walmart or have online reach (Stuart, 2014). The grass trimmers have a couple of serious brands, for example, Stihl, John Deere, Modern Tool and Die (MTD), Global Garden Products (GGP), Toro and different others. These brands are eminent in the business sectors and are generally sold at the retailer mammoths, for example, Walmart, Tesco and numerous others (Husqvarnagroup.com, 2016) Vital Proposals One-Year Objective The primary year objective is to set up itself in the market and make the individuals mindful of the brand. Overwhelming advertising techniques will be embraced to make the individuals mindful of the new organization in showcase. Notice will be made utilizing TV plugs, internet based life and hoardings to make a declaration of the new brand. The big names can likewise embrace the brand. The proposition for the principal year is to concentrate on the brand mindfulness and making boosts to produce deals (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Five-Year Objective For a long time, the goal is to catch a more prominent piece of the overall industry. The clients of the contenders recognized in the past segment must be pulled in towards the organization with the goal that they pick ToolsCorp over other accessible brands. The goal is to improve the market notoriety by expanding activities in five additional nations by entering one nation consistently (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Ten-Year Objective The ten-year objective is to turn into a worldwide goliath organization for devices and gadgets. The item portfolio will be twice of what it is at present and the administrations will be extended. The goal is to be the top most organization for apparatuses and machines with its administrations in more than 25 nations. The organization will likewise shape key coalitions with the goal that the organization gives common advantages as far as estimating and tasks (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Execution Plans The procedure can be actualized utilizing diversifying as the market-passage technique. Since the goal is to extend piece of the overall industry, diversifying can undoubtedly help in entering remote markets. The items and administrations can be sold utilizing an authorizing relationship. ToolsCrop may give permit and offer help with sorting out, preparing, promoting, showcasing and overseeing as an end-result of a fiscal thought. In a conventional establishment, the emphasis isn't on the arrangement of working together, yet for the most part on the items produced or provided by the franchisor to the franchisee (Badrinarayanan, Suh, Kim, 2016). Potential Ramifications Gracefully Chain Risk The association is the execution of systems to deal with the day by day and outstanding danger. On the off chance that the business is extended all inclusive, there may be a flexibly chain chance as there will be more prominent number of delegates for ToolsCorp. With more prominent number of mediators, there will be exercises and individuals included between the organization and end-shopper that makes the flexibly chain truly helpless. There is a hazard that the end-shoppers may not get the products in the fitting way. With online conveyances, the merchandise might be harmed in travel (Girling, 2013). Budgetary Risk There is a prerequisite of overwhelming speculation for growing all around. Not simply money, there is a prerequisite of HR, hierarchical assets, and capital necessity for running activities. All the tasks and procedures require noteworthy money for smooth stream. On the off chance that the worldwide development system isn't met in the decided way, it might prompt substantial misfortunes. Likewise, there is a significant prerequisite of venture for promoting exercises. On the off chance that the advertising interchanges are not conveyed in the fitting way, it will not create deals and income (Girling, 2013). Political Risk Various countries and regions are limited by political dangers and insecurities. The legislature of various nations offer exchange hindrances and levies. It might be hazardous for ToolsCorp to enter various nations as there perhaps geopolitical dangers included. The import and fare boundaries may likewise make exchange troublesome (Girling, 2013). Contender Risk The contenders who have high notoriety in the worldwide market may make the opposition exceptional. The extraordinary rivalry may limit ToolsCorp from growing in the worldwide market (Girling, 2013). Criticism Mechanisms The criticism can be gotten from the clients in various countries dependent on the view of the brand. Overviews and polls might be created in at regular intervals with the goal that the organization knows which heading to move in (Girling, 2013). References Badrinarayanan, V., Suh, T., Kim, K. (2016). Brand reverberation in diversifying connections: A franchisee-based per

Un-Answered Issues With Good Topics to Write an Essay on Uncovered

Un-Answered Issues With Good Topics to Write an Essay on Uncovered What to Expect From Good Topics to Write an Essay on? You'll end up lost without having the capability to make an argument and develop it correctly. Furthermore, you shouldn't spend such a thing till you get an essay that fits all of your valuable needs! For this reason, you shouldn't avoid a bit of controversy. For instance, you can write about something that personally affects you or somebody you know. Obviously you cannot define everything. When you're writing about yourself, make certain that you include words that explain the emotions you're feeling at various sections of the story. Pick a prompt at random from above, or select a topic which you think will be hard that you detach from (because you're going to want to write about the subject, instead of the argument) set timer to 50 minutes and compose the essay. Discover which of the topics, you currently have a fairly good background on which will mak e it possible for you to have a relative edge. A whole lot of journalists become killed. Some folks may think that the very good content could be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. Your professor or client reads a lot of essays and a great majority are written by men and women who like to play it safe. For example, you could discuss a day at your favourite cafe or coffee shop. The 30-Second Trick for Good Topics to Write an Essay on Because of improve within the amount of work college students need to do students require writing essay services so they can figure out how to finish their work punctually. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a standard face-to-face course. Television is developing a new variant of culture The senior classes ought to be profiled Education for boys and girls ought to be separate Many individuals think the ideal way to travel is by car Activity is the sole approach to knowledge The value of educ ation is underestimated now. On the flip side, some argue that the price of college leaves students with crippling debt they'll never have the ability to repay. Many individuals aren't experienced in the four significant varieties of essays. On account of the previous angle, a lot of people get into plenty of difficulties writing essays on funny argumentative essay topics. There are particular topics every expert essay writer will advise students to avoid at any cost. You're a true topic enthusiast! Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! An excellent topic will allow it to be simpler to pursue the purpose of an argumentative essay, which is, evidently, the entire investigation of the problem you speak about. Whenever you do, you are able to now write on topics that'll be humorous to them. The Unexposed Secret of Good Topics to Write an Essay on When you are requested to decide on a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. Prior exposure or knowledge about a specific subject provides better hindsight which may bring improved arguments on the issue. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to show your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. In fact, this kind of argument is directed at finding common ground. Top Choices of Good Topics to Write an Essay on Several the online internet site will help you to compose and prepared to supply crucia l recommendations in order you could test right here so you can compose definitely superior essay with no risk. Maybe you thought you learned more due to the internet format. It is impossible to generate a true friend online. Shopping online isn't secure or secure. Moreover, it's possible to also discuss positive or negative advantages of some particular law. Other topics that are certainly of interest to readers is the cultural shift in our society where a growing number of men are trying to locate employment leading to stay-at-home fathers. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. You can find with a topic which examines the use of ethics in our society as it's today. Most Noticeable Good Topics to Write an Essay on If you decide to be a self-employed essay writer, you can expect the exact same. Once you get your completed essay, make sure that you tell all your friends what an excellent service it is and what's the perfect place to get cheap essays. Philosophy essay writing service gives a vital input to students since they try to compose their papers by supplying essential methods for philosophy essay writing. Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. The thesis statement should be exceedingly concise and clear. Argumentative writings is a particular sort of a paper. The introduction lays the groundwork for the remaining portion of the paper. Deciding on an emotional topic is also a great idea. Placebo treatments ought to be utilized in medicine. To ensure that your paper stands out you are able to also, benefit from choosing an unusual subject. Now, if you'd like to understand how to compose a grant proposal with some funny twist to it, it's necessary for you to stick with us too. Your thesis statement is the significance of that occasion. The topic has to be based on a great evidence base.

How Schizophrenia Affects The Lifespan - 1595 Words

How Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan 3 How Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan Schizophrenia is a mental illness that inhibits a person’s ability to think clearly, manage their emotions, make their own decisions, and associate with others. It is a complicated, long term illness that affects one percent of Americans. Even though Schizophrenia can occur at any age, it is more common for men in their early twenties and early twenties to late thirties in women. It is possible to lead a happy, fulfilling life with Schizophrenia. (Nami 2016) Schizophrenia is linked to functional malformations in the brain. The regions of the brain†¦show more content†¦Research proposes that smoking marijuana can cause Schizophrenia in young children who are at risk for the illness. It would be best for anyone who has a family member with Schizophrenia to avoid smoking marijuana and using other drugs. (TeenMentalHealth) Psychosis, another name for Schizophrenia, is a brain condition that is made superior or poor by environmental f actors such as drug use and stress. Children and youth who had exposure to psychosis frequently say something is not right or cannot tell if something is real or not real. It is an unusual illness in young children and is hard to identify in its early stages. The occurrence of symptoms of psychosis before twelve years old is scarce, less than one-sixtieth, but studying these situations are important for comprehension of this disorder. Most children with schizophrenia show delays in language and other functions before their psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking materialize. In the first years of life, about thirty percent of young children have short-lived symptoms of extensive developmental disorder, such as rocking, posturing, and arm flapping. Childhood-onset of psychosis may present with poor motor How Schizophrenia affects the

Lenovos Corporate Social Responsibility - 1359 Words

First of all, the article selects Lenovo as a case to analyze. Lenovo began to publish corporate social responsibility report from 2008. It is the first batch of Chinese enterprises concerned about corporate social responsibility. In recent years, Lenovo is always among the highest in the list of China s corporate social responsibility. In 2013, its ranking rose to the second place. As a leading IT manufacture, Lenovo has put its value of responsibility into every practice of the company. Lenovo believes that enterprises should first do their own business, provide better products and services for the community. In addition, the enterprise should try to do more public welfare and take more responsibility. Lenovo has made efforts to enhance the transparency of information disclosure of social responsibility, also it establishes the normal communication mechanism with stakeholders and promotes combination of social responsibility concept and the enterprise daily operations. Combined wit h the above factors, this paper chooses Lenovo as the main body of the case analysis. 3.2 The analysis method of the case Because this paper is a case study of a single company, so the method is different from the pervious research. This article does not build the model, process data and software analysis, it directly analyzes CSR practice cases and key performance data. The main source of examples and data is corporate social responsibility report and annual report over the period 2008-2013.Show MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Lenovo Brand3494 Words   |  14 Pagesdramatically in 2012-2013, which helped Lenovo to be recognised as one of the largest and well-known companies in the US. Lenovo Value chain, Micro environment Strategic environmental factors have been analysed to determine Lenovo’s market position. To carry out the research various models are used along with qualitative research. 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Cloud Computing Haze Problem

Question: Discuss about theCloud Computingfor Haze Problem. Answer: Introduction Cloud Computing is a technique of modern network technology, that provides the facility of shared computer resources and data and other applications on demand. It provides the facilities to access the applications as utilities through internet. With the help of Cloud computing we can create, configure and customize the applications online. It provides a secured network environment with limited resources, minimal management effort and serviceability interaction. For proper implementation of Cloud a good environmental condition is required but with this it is also required that suitable systems should be developed to provide proper environment for Cloud Computing. Haze Problem Haze is an atmospheric condition where dust, smoke and other dry particles in the environment create hindrance in the clarity of the sky. Since 1991 the Haze is a major problem in the South Asia. As in Cloud Computing the complete transference of data is done wireless through air in the form of signals. Haze is creating a big problem in proper implementation of Cloud Computing as well the other wireless networks. In South Asian Countries like Malaysia, Singapore, India, China and other countries poor network in Haze is a common problem. The Haze creates the attenuation in transference of the wavelength of the optical and infrared signals. The small dust particles in the Haze also divert and sometimes destroy the signals. The problem of Haze become more crucial in the winter season , where the low atmospheric temperature and increase level of Haze in atmosphere create many problems in transfer of signals. The major impact of Haze is on the optical network signal transference which travel on the form of optics or light, there are several other impacts on network too. Methods Researched for Dealing with the Problem of Haze There are several Techniques used for better implementation of Network in Haze- Embedded Control Systems- In this method a proper Control System is developed with Sensors in it to observe the level of Haze and control the propagation of signals according to it. It is embedded because many technologies are combined to develop this system. Special Network Softwares In this method appropriate algorithms for propagation of network is designed and programing is done accordingly. Smart Computing Method This method enables the system to have more collaborative attitude for Signal transmission, sensor and controlling of the signals. More geographical diverse data centres are developed to cope with this problem. In case of Haze different types of specially designed data centres and systems are used. Conclusion The Haze Problem is most critical problem in the fine propagation of the network. The Haze problem is a wide problem Research area, this was a simple student level approach in limited time. Several effective methods have been developed for dealing with this problem. But still lot of research and work in this domain is required for effective implementation of the network and computing. Reference Blog-Oliver Meilier LinkedIn, Computing, Fog , Haze? [ Online] Available at- www.cloud-computing-fog-haze-oliver-meili (Retrieved on 15-Nov-16) HIMMS Organization, Clearing up Cloud Haze [online] Available at -www.himss.org (Retrieved on 15 Nov-16) SANS Organization, Cloud Computing-Maze in Haze [Online] Available at - https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepaper (Retrieved on 15-Nov-16) Mell .P. Grance, (2009), The NIST definition of Cloud Computing, National Institute of Technology, ISBN NO- 53, 56

Advertising across Different Countries and Cultural Contexts

Abstract This research proposal is designed to help us better understand the effectiveness of advertising strategies applied across different countries with similar cultures.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Advertising across Different Countries and Cultural Contexts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using a survey consisting of Likert items and corresponding scales, subjects consisting of advertising executives from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom will be asked to rate their responses regarding a number of items relating to the effectiveness of different advertising strategies in their corresponding countries. It is hypothesized that there will be differences in what constitutes effective advertising materials in different countries with similar cultures. This research builds upon other studies in the field which reveal the differences in advertising strategies employed across different cultu res. This study could help the company save significant financial resources on advertising in the future. Introduction The firm under research is a food supply company that operates and advertises in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Understanding how to craft effective strategies for advertising campaigns in these countries is a vital part of its continued success. In the recent difficult economic times, the firm has faced increased pressure to save money wherever possible and has been encouraged to consolidate operations wherever they have been shown to be feasible. One of the most significant expenditures in terms of financial resources is the money spent on advertising budgets for the three countries of operation. Individual, localized campaigns have always been the firm’s strategy, because it believed crafting one advertising strategy for use in all three countries would be ineffective considering the differences between the three national markets of oper ation. As a multi-national food supply company, understanding how best to adapt strategies of advertising across the different cultures the firm serves is of paramount importance.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While a number of different studies have looked at the effectiveness of advertising between countries and companies, few have examined the subtle nuances of differences with regard to advertising between cultures with more subtle nuanced differences. It is for this reason that the research should be conducted by the company in order to explore the differences in what works in advertising across different countries with similar cultural contexts. Indeed, while a body of research exists relating to differences in advertising between very different cultures, the company could benefit from a greater understanding of the differences across several countries with simila r cultures. It is proposed that research be conducted to determine the most effective strategies for advertising the company’s business in the different countries of operation. Review of Related Literature Research on advertising across different cultures has revealed many important differences in terms of the type of advertising considered to be most influential to customers especially in terms of customer preference. A number of studies have looked at differences between individualistic and collectivist cultures, contrasting advertising in Western and Eastern countries (Han Shavitt, 1994; Jeon Beatty, 2002). Other studies have focused on how different types of advertising are perceived in different cultures, looking at Western and Eastern countries and their reactions to humour in advertising (Alden, Hoyer Lee, 1993). In Han and Savitt (1994) research looking at advertising in individualistic and collectivist cultures, data revealed significant differences in what consti tuted persuasive advertising across individual and collectivist cultures. In this study, the authors looked at cross-cultural differences in advertising materials in Korea and the United States as examples of collectivist and individualistic cultures respectively (Han Shavitt, 1994). The researchers conducted a content analysis of magazine advertisements and found that American advertisements focused on appeals to the individual while those in Korea appealed to the collective.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Advertising across Different Countries and Cultural Contexts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of these researchers showed that cultural differences played an important part in determining how influential a particular advertisement was at the level of both the society and the individual (Han Shavitt, 1994). The research study conducted by Han and Savitt (1994) is relevant to our study becaus e it demonstrates that there are more pronounced differences in what constitutes effective advertising of products used across individual and collectivist cultures. Because the firm’s products are almost exclusively bought to be used with other products, it helps us to understand whether or not other differences may exist across different countries with similar cultures. In this case, all of the countries the company operates in entail individualistic cultures and Western democracies. Therefore, the findings of the study especially in the American context have a direct description of the best practices in advertising that can be extended to Canada and the United Kingdom. Researchers Jeon and Beatty (2002) looked at the effectiveness of three different types of advertising in terms of their ability to persuade audiences across two different cultures. In examining both the United States and South Korea, the researchers compared advertisements that relied on direct comparisons a s well as others that relied on indirect comparisons between products. The findings indicated that indirect comparative advertisements were most effective in the United States, where advertisements employing direct comparisons were most common. Conversely, it was found that the opposite applied in South Korea: direct comparison advertising was most effective while indirect advertising was most common in the country’s media (Jeon Beatty, 2002). These findings builds on a body of research that relates to comparative advertising, but it also highlights an important fact regarding the current research study proposed here. The effectiveness of advertising can depend a great deal on the cultural context in which it is viewed. However, this also highlights the fact that we know little about the effectiveness of advertising in similar cultures in different countries.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The findings assist in reflecting on the consequences of specific preferences in advertisements of western cultures as compared to other cultures. They highlight on the perceptions that should be expected from the countries under study towards advertisements. Finally, a study performed by researchers Alden, Hoyer and Lee (1993) has relevance to the research study being proposed here. In their study, the researchers looked at the use of humour in different television advertisements across four different cultures including the United States, Germany, Thailand and Korea. The findings of these researchers revealed that while humour in advertising often has universal underlying themes, it can vary in the way it is specifically comprehended across different countries and cultures (Alden, Hoyer Lee, 1993). While prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of humour as a component in successful advertising, understanding what worked and what did not across cultures was problematic. H umour in advertising has been shown to positively affect recall and individual intention to purchase a product when the humour lines up with the overall objectives of the advertisement (Alden, Hoyer Lee, 1993). The researchers looked at the inappropriateness of humorous advertising across cultures in order to better identify the contrasts between cultures and ultimately allow for easier standardization for advertising between them. The findings suggested that there were incongruities in these advertisements across different cultures. The finding of incongruity in advertising across cultures is very relevant to the research proposed here because it suggests that there may be ways we can create advertising strategies which can be more easily adapted across different cultural contexts. Research into the differences and similarities between effective advertising in the different countries in which the firm operates can build on the information yielded from the study conducted by Alden, Hoyer and Lee (1993) and ultimately allow the firm to design advertising strategies that work effectively across different cultural contexts. We cannot ignore the fact that a certain level of diversity exist in the countries under study especially due to tourists, foreign students, expatriates and other foreign professional, and the incongruity findings in this study fits best in harmonizing the results expected with such limitations. Assumptions For the purposes of this study, it is assumed that the findings of previous researchers were based on advertisements targeted to customers with similar characteristics such as product preference, purchasing behaviour and financial circumstances. This is because the results observed must not have been influenced by other factors expect cultural aspects. It is also assumed that Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom can be defined as having â€Å"similar† cultural contexts. The assumption is made confidently based on a numb er of different factors. While there are obvious demographic differences between these three nations, they are all Western democracies, comprised of a populous of similar ethnic makeup. They are all individualistic cultures. There exists significant diversity in all three societies, but both the United States and Canada emerged from United Kingdom society. It is for these reasons that for the purposes of this research study, it is confidently assumed that Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom are three different countries with similar cultural contexts. Hypothesis There is a difference between what constitutes effective advertising strategies across different countries with similar cultural contexts. Null Hypothesis There is not a difference between what constitutes effective advertising strategies across different countries with similar cultural contexts. Methodology Subjects The survey will be administered to members of the advertising executive board in each of their different countries of origins. Four advertising executives from the United States will be surveyed as will four executives from the United Kingdom and four executives from Canada. Each of these executives is originally from the country in which their position is located and lives there full time. Of these 12 subjects, all make budgetary and campaign decisions with regard to advertising within the countries where their positions are located. Among the twelve subjects eight are men, while the remaining four are women. All subjects are between the ages of 46 and 58 years. These subjects are all experts in advertising the company’s food products in their respective countries; they know what works and what does not work. Of the four subjects from the United Kingdom, three work from the same office in London while one works in a satellite office in Devonshire. All four advertising executives from the United States work from the same New York office. The four advertising executives from Canadian operations are all based in the same Toronto office, which happens to be the company’s corporate headquarters and original office location. The twelve executives have a diverse cultural makeup; nine of the twelve executives have at least one parent born outside their country of origin. Instrument The instrument that will be used for the research is a survey questionnaire consisting of 19 Likert items with accompanying Likert scales for respondents to rate according to their agreement with the particular item. All of these items reflect specific elements of advertising strategies such as timing, mode of communication, place, content, mood, type, preferences among others. The 20th item on the survey is a simple question regarding to the advertisements currently employed in the country where individual subjects are located. This survey measures the attitudes and opinions of advertising executives with regard to their experience on what constitutes effective advert ising in the country of operation. Subjects rate their feelings to items on a five-point scale of a range of responses that will be presented as follows: 5 for strongly agree, 4 for agree, 3 for neutral, 2 for disagree and 1 for strongly disagree. This Likert scale survey questionnaire is located in the appendix at the end of this paper. Procedure Data will be obtained by an interviewer asking subjects to rate their feelings on a number of Likert items relating to the effectiveness of advertising in their country. The respondents will fill the questionnaires provided by an interviewer at their convenient time and place. The interviewer will also act as the guide on how to fill the responses on the Likert scales in case a participant is stuck. The complete role of the interview is given in the appendix. The expectations are that the exercise will take place in the offices during break sessions especially in the evening after work. For every participant, the interviewer might ask some open-ended questions after the session to clarify on the issues directly related to advertising strategies. This is not expected to take more than ten minutes of the entire session. Analysis Once all the data has been collected, its validity will be tested by considering the consistency and relevancy of the responses as reflected in the relevancy of the questions. In fact, this will be achieved by first grouping the questions according to their relatedness in terms of advertising strategies after the exercise. A valid response should not deviate with more than one point in the Likert scale from the response of the next related question. Once the validity is tested, the items from the Likert scale will be tabulated to allow for comparing ratings of different elements of the advertising strategies the participants think should be employed in the three countries as suggested by them. If we find a majority 51% of differences in responses between countries, then the hypothesis will be accepted. Individual items can also be scored and examined to provide a more granular analysis and help the company obtain more specific details, which could prove helpful in operations going forward. Limitations The proposed research study detailed herein does contain a number of limitations. Because of the limited sample size, we must be careful not to make wide generalizations with respect to the findings. Furthermore, because all of the subjects are advertising executives between the ages of 46 and 58, the study is limited in terms of the demographic representation of data we can obtain. Any data obtained here will not be used to make inferences with regard to the attitudes of younger audiences. Moreover, if future research is conducted, there may be disparities with regard to the attitudes of these executives and the audiences of the countries they operate in. The use of the Likert scale also creates some limitations thus must be considered. Because each item has a preset scale with predetermined ratings, respondents may see their feelings on particular issues somewhat distorted by conforming to the rating which best matches their feelings on a particular item. It is hoped that the presence of an interviewer to administer the questionnaire can mitigate the damage caused to the findings by this inherent limitation. Discussion The research is expected to find some differences in what constitutes effective advertising across three countries with similar cultures. There are a number of conclusions that could be drawn from such findings which may prove valuable to the company’s operations. Specifically, the data gleaned from this study could be used to design effective advertising campaigns that work across all countries in which the firm operates, allowing it to save considerable financial resources on advertising strategies. This could effectively reduce the total advertising expenditures by as much as two-thirds. The implications of this include wide r profit margins and a greater ability to take risks in trying out new advertising strategies. Moreover, over the long-term, it may be possible to consolidate advertising operations for the different countries served by the firm based on one centralized location. This could prove another valuable measure that would allow the company to save even more costs on its overhead expenditures such as rent, heating and related costs from the offices in different countries. It has long been held that localized operations were vital to advertising success, but research such as this may help the management to move away from this strategy and adopt a more cost effective model. Given the increasingly global market, this may even allow the firm to begin exploring opportunities to expand into other markets. This has been a goal pursued by the firm that has gone unfulfilled heretofore. This research study will provide the company with valuable data regarding the effectiveness of advertising across d ifferent countries with similar cultural contexts, as well as encourage future research on the same subject. Indeed, this study may provide the impetus for a much larger study to be conducted by an academic institution, using a randomized sample and enough subjects to provide for greater confidence in the results they may obtain. In addition to helping our company save important and potentially considerable financial resources, this research could also improve the field of study around global advertising and the challenges that similar multi-national companies face. References Alden, D. L., Hoyer, W. D. Lee, C. (1993). Identifying global and culture-specific dimensions of humor in advertising: A multinational analysis. The Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 64-75. Han, S. Shavitt, S. (1994). Persuasion and culture: Advertising appeals in individualistic and collectivistic societies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30(4), 326-350. Jeon, J. O., Beatty, S. E. (2002). Comparativ e advertising effectiveness in different national cultures. Journal of Business Research, 55(11), 907-913. 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ALicia keys research paper Essay Example

ALicia keys research paper Essay Example ALicia keys research paper Paper ALicia keys research paper Paper and had millions of fans around the entire world. She would write her own music but was also very private about her personal life. She had a lot of songs about relationships but most of the time they were never personal. She caught the young urban attention because a lot of her music was very touching and related to many people who were going through the same things When she first came out she was a girl artist that had little support and had some to prove given where she grew up. Although she had some struggles growing up, she never let that stop her from getting where she wanted to be. As a way to get off the streets she would dedicate all er time to practice the piano and singing. Her music had a huge impact on the music industry because of where she came from. It also had a blissfulness that overshadowed where she came from. Her music showed the world what else there is to offer and she did Just that. Many artists came out after her in the same kinds of categories and are famous today. No one could ever come aligned to Alicia, but her music was what made other artist comfortable with coming out and showing what they have to offer. American cultures quickly shifted after she came out and were very dedicated and interested in what she would come out with next. She had illions of fans that would line up and wait for her in tears literally, Just so she can perform. Her music was moving and heart rending and would give her fans chills whenever she would walk out on the stage. Alicia also had an impact on American culture because she would go out of her way to always do something with herself. She would try out for acting positions and would quickly get those roles and be a stunning actress. By her doing that , it Just showed that people could be multi talented and to never stop what they wanted to In life. The impact she had on me personal is very huge. When I was growing up I always loved her music and verything she set out forth. I myself am very dedicated to music and I love to play the piano and learn and play all types of music. I remember when I was a little girl I would sneak out of classes and go to the music room where there was a piano and just play all of her music. For me, it was a way to get away from everything I was going through. Her music was deep and had meaning to every single word in the lyrics. To me, that was all I needed. I would do research on her and see what she would be doing and her interests and we were Just interested in the same kinds of things. She was and always will be my biggest idols. When I was younger, I always longed to go to her concert and sit in the audience and Just feel her music in me. By freshman year, I finally got tickets to see her and it was the most amazing experience ever. It meant so much to me that I was actually in tears while she was singing live and it felt so perfect. A few years later, my senior year, I went to go see her again. And this time it was an even better feeling. Her drive and determination to help anyone in her path is what touches me and makes me want to do the same things for my community and everyone around me. When Alicia was in her twenties, she had taken a trip to Africa. This trip changed her life because it showed her the way other people lived and what they had to go through. When she got there she realized that people really do have hard lives and that her music and her voice could quickly make people have faith and believe that there is light at the end of the tunnel. After talking to people who lived in the village that she visited, she realized that she needed to do foundation called Keep A Child Alive. This foundation accepts donations and anything that can help support and provide for these people in numerous countries to help them prosper and grow from the hard conditions that they all live in. Once she created this foundation I heard about it and I was old enough to talk to my mom and tell her I wanted to donate to it or do research to try and help. This was moving to me because it showed me that there still is a whole other world than Just in America and that not everyone has it as good as we do. Just knowing that Alicia would do anything to try and help others made me feel like I can do the same thing. This led me to volunteer and help people and show that I am committed to my community and would do anything to help. I would help at local food drives, food banks, and homeless shelters and even after school programs. Alicia Keys has always been a huge factor in my life and shaped me to who I am today. She opened my eyes and showed me that there is way more out there in life than Just what is right in front of our faces. Two of my favorite songs by Alicia Keys are Tell you Something and Brand New Me. The song Tell You Something is a song about living everyday like it is your last and to cherish the time you have with the people around you who you love. The song is personal to her because she wrote this about her grandmother. She wrote this because she felt that it is important to get everything off your chest when its ecessary. She thought it was a bad idea to ever wait, so instead she says brings up the question What if there was no tomorrow? She preaches that its important to love and cherish everything that you have. Some themes that stand out in this song are Relationships and lifestyles. If you live your life everyday like it is your last and cherish everyone who is in it, you have nothing to regret in the future. In her eyes, relationships are key but everyone has to do their part to maintain them. This song was written with a sad kind of melody in the background. It was mellow and had a atchy tune to it to show emotion and importance in it. The song Brand New Me is also personal to her because she starts to talk about her growth and how she has grown over the years. She talks about her opening her eyes and realizing that there is more to life. This song has many themes in it as well. It can relate to relationships, lifestyles, and social issues. A lot of people can connect to this song because it talks about self growth and how people change and can change for the better. She even states in the song that people shouldnt be surprised that she is changing and that she is a better person than she ever was before. The beginning of this song starts of slow, but changes to a happier tone to express her happiness on how she has grown and who she has become. All in all, Alicia keys impacted the entire world of music and shaped the music industry to what it has become today. She opened doors to a new type of sound and type of music that had slowly been forgotten. Not only was Alicia a huge factor I the shift in music, but she also did everything she could to change the world and the people in it. Although she is now 32, she still continues to make music and puts a lot of emotion into her lyrics to open peoples eyes.

Various Religious Restrictions in Many Forms of Art Assignment

Various Religious Restrictions in Many Forms of Art - Assignment Example It does not add anything foreign to its shape because the religion believes that the work of man is never equal to God’s art. To add to this, focus on the Quran brought about illustration and calligraphy. The Quran also makes explicit and various prohibitions on figurative imagery like bowing to gods as well as prohibit iconography. Unlike in Islamic art, Christian art is extraordinary because it does not illustrate the particular style of art, region, or period, but rather a specific choice of purpose, which entails extensive styles and forms. Getlein (378) also explains that Christian art touches on subjects like theology, politics, history, and philosophy. Having started with the minority groups, who had singled out their beliefs, it started having a universal occurrence in both private and public buildings to what was referred to as Christendom. Christian art was seen in great churches, abbeys, royal palaces, and cathedrals. It was also seen parishes, small churches, and private residential. The imagery of Christian was also evident in mosaic and wall-paintings in the walls of churches. What impacted the nature and creation of Christian was the decision of Paul to spread the gospel and when Constantine embraced Christianity. Christian art can also be traced towards the beginning and end of both second and t hird century. In the Old Testament, there are prohibitions of images, which are graven, families would be buried in tombs that were carved with marble and outside the walls of Rome, and the Romans would dig catacombs to bury their family members (Getlein 15). In chapter 21 of The Living Art, different works of arts have been exhibited from writers and artists who found it thrilling and overwhelming because they recognized art as modern. Getlein (506) argues that modernity is said to have developed a new type of society in the wake of revolution from diverse art movements like an American, Industrial, and  the French revolution.

Argument and further work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument and further work - Essay Example To investigate further this hypothesis, this emerging area of research needs further work, where study of interaction of oxaliplatin with survivin may lead to more insight into this phenomenon (Ngan et al. 2008). Since survivin is an expressed protein, its detection would need specific procedure, and hence the question is whether selection of Western Blot test is an appropriate one for this purpose. In Western Blotting, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is considered to be the standard tool of protein analysis. The survivin analysis involves reaction with an antibody, and from this perspective, sufficient information can be gathered by employing a staining technique employed for the proteins in the gel. From these two angles deployment of Western Blot analysis offers many advantages, which are improved accessibility to these proteins offering ease of handling and the advantage of storing the immobilized proteins for future analysis (Fowler, 1995). There are several instances in experimental literature on survivin expression in response to oxaliplatin that use Western Blot assay. Fujie et al. (2005) has used anti-survivin rabbit polyclonal antibody to detect survivin under-expression in oxaliplatin treated cancer cell lines with commendable success (Fujie et al. 2005). Wilson et al. (2008) also used Western Blot tests to detect markedly reduced expression of survivin in oxaliplatin treated cells (Wilson et al. (2008). Prewett et al. (2007) also demonstrated how Western Blot could be used to demonstrate oxaliplatin suppressed survivin expression (Prewett et al. 2007). The effect of oxaliplatin on the number of the cytosol can be investigated by immunohistochemistry method. In this method, some antibodies against cytosolic proteins have been used. This proposition is based on the idea that is apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin is partly contributed to by Cytochrome C mediated triggers, then the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin can be quantified by

Curriculum revision Essay Example for Free

Curriculum revision Essay It is no news that many improvements have taken place in the educational system of the country over the last two decades. Many scientific discoveries have become available as tools to hasten acquisition of productive education that would be useful in contributing effectively to the development of the nation. Arts and science have evolved newer and bigger methods of communication vital for excellent teacher-student relations. Indeed, all forms and work s of life have undergone serious transformations that have made life more compatible with the Earth. Therefore, it would obviously be a futile effort to remain dogmatic and still stick to old school curriculum. Some of the contents of the curriculum are moribund and are inconsistent with the speed of technological advancement. These would not produce 21st century students that can compete favorably with their colleagues from other schools in the Country. As the world progresses, the curriculum must be revised and improved. This need for revision can not be overemphasized as it can be seen in the speed of revisions of many books. Editions change rapidly ever year incorporating new writing skirls that make referencing less burdensome; these also feature printing developments in the form of schema builders like colored pictures, radiological tools, digital and laser printing. All these make reading more pleasurable and books more alluring to the eyes. It is important to emphasize the major that actually need such revision: writing skills have to advance tremendously. Better syntax need be incorporated: this is intended to accommodate new rules of concord. With this, the knowledge of grammar of students is significantly century-compliant. Simple English would convey the information better. Styles of writing such as the APA American Psychological Association, MLA [Modern Language Association] and other referencing styles such as Harvard, Oxford or Chicago should be integrated in the revision. These are indeed indispensable as they ease reading, make references more accessible, and promote further study on the subject of concern. These also encourage the learning of the language, in relation to other fields on interest. The singular most important tool that upholds education in this age is Technology. It is just inevitable for productive and responsive training in any field. The use of Audiovisual aids for teaching and learning, information transfer through such facilities as the Internet shrinks the world to a global village. Thus, the teacher-student distance has reduced drastically. This access as made education livelier and closer than it used to be in the old days. Better printing gadgets have also added glamour to written materials. The use of Slide shows with PowerPoint and other computer application packages have aid knowledge and research. These are extraordinary and highly welcomed. Incorporations of these into the curriculum can not be overemphasized. Teachers would be better equipped to discharge their duties and students would be more receptive to teaching. Really, It is only a fool who trek one thousand miles barefooted to deliver an urgent mail when he has been offered a car for the same trip.

Islam` Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Islam faith was a very predominant one in the world’s past history. When it first started to rise along with the teachings of Mohammed, it was very popular. Their military and cultural achievements were remarkable. When the Arabs first started conquering land, they had affected the language and cultures of those lands. Mohammed was a very spiritual man, who helped Islam rise and conquer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mohammed was born in 569 B.C.E. Mohammed had lost both of his parents by the age of 6, leaving him in the care of his grandmother and uncle. At 12 years old, his uncle took him on a caravan to Syria, where he picked up certain points from the Jewish and Christian religions. He married a wealthy woman at age 25, and they produced a few children together. When Mohammed was 40, he had a period of spiritual strain; he felt that God had chosen him to be a prophet. After answering to God and believing that the Koran was communicated to him, he believed he had a divine calling: to teach the power of Allah, he wanted to warn his people of the Day of Judgment, and let them know of Paradise and the rewards it held.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shortly after he had passed away, his teachings were written down of this new religion, Islam, which meant â€Å"submission to God’s Will†. Mohammed called upon his followers to follow 5 pillars of Islam. In short, they are: 1. â€Å"There is no God but Allah; Mohamed is the Messenger of Allah†. 2. Pray five times daily-dawn, noon, midafternoon, dusk, and after dark. Facing the direction of Mecca, praying on a carpet, shoes removed and heads covered, 3. Moslems must give alms generously, 4. Moslems must fast from daybreak to sunset during the whole month of Ramadan, 5. Once in their lives Moslems, of they can, must make the pilgrimage to Mecca.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rituals Mohammed created made a strong bond amongst the followers of Islam. They had to obey these five pillars together. Take care of their fellow Moslems who were economically challenged. They also had the Koran, which bound them together as followers, and they had their pilgrimage to Mecca, which they took together with fellow Moslems. The Koran gave guidance for all parts of life for the Moslems-â€Å"for manners and hygiene, marriage and divorce, commerce and politics, crime and punishment, peace and war† (Stavrianos, 178-179). Therefore you coul... ...lind power complex of the Moslems because they thought they were unstoppable. They had a negative attitude towards those not part of their empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egocentricity let down the iron curtain between the Moslems and the west, especially in the field of science. Scholars of the Moslem world were naà ¯ve to the achievements in anatomy, medicine and astronomy. Moslem science had festered with little drive for new discoveries in the years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A final reason for the explanation of the decline of the Moslem empire were that the three greatest Moslem empires were land empires. These people ruling and taking charge in these empires had their backs to the ocean, so they never felt a need to go to sea. The rulers did not help by being uninterested in trading overseas. This situation let Europeans to jump past the Moslems and become leaders in the overseas trading industries. The Europeans controlled the world trade and the stimulated the economic, social and political development of this nation. Europe became increasingly wealthy, productive, and dynamic, completely leaving the Moslem empire following in its footsteps for centuries.

Biology of Mind Essay

* Everything psychological is simultaneously biological   * Plato correctly located the mind in the spherical head * Aristotle believed mind was in the heart   * Although heart is the symbol for love, psychology has proven that you fall in love using your brain * 1800s Franz Gall (German psychologist) invented phrenology theory that claims that bumps on our skull could reveal our mental ability and character traits * Biological Psychology – the branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behaviour * Biological psychologists sometimes called Behavioural neuroscientist, neuropsychologist, behaviour geneticist, psychological psychologist, bio psychologist †¦ * We are a system of substances, that are composed of even smaller substances (tiny cells make up body organs) * Body’s information system is built from billions of tiny interconnected system of neurones * Sensory Neurones – neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptor the brain and the spinal cord for processing – â€Å"afferent† * Motor Neurons – the neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain to the muscles and the glands – â€Å"efferent† * Interneurons – neurons within the brain and the spinal corf that that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs * Each neuron consists of a: * Cell body and branching fibres (the cell’s life support center) * Dendrite fibres – receive information and conduct it toward the cell body * Axon – passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles and glands * Can be very long projecting several feet into the body * Myelin sheath – a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibres of many neurons * Allows for fast impulse transmission among neurons * If myelin sheath degenerates, communication to muscles slow with eventual loss of muscle control * Action potential – brief electric charge that travels down a neuron’s axon (neural impulse) * Generally an axon is in a negative state, while the fluid outside an axon is in a positive state * Resting potential – the positive outside/ negative inside state of an inert neuron * K+ [ ] in axon < Na+ [ ] outside axon (-70mv) * Axon membrane is Selectively Permeable – does not allow everything inside (selective) * When a neuron fires, the first bit of the axon opens up allowing positively charged sodium ions to enter * That section of the ion becomes depolarized, making the axon’s next channel to open up * During resting period(refractory period) the neurons pump the positively charged sodium ions back outside * Each neuron receives signals from hundreds of other neurons * Excitatory signals – like pushing a neuron accelerator * Inhibitory signals – like pushing its breaks * Threshold – the level of stimulation required to trigger a natural impulse * If the excitatory signal minus inhibitory signal exceeds a min intensity (-60mv) * How neurons communicate: Before thought that axon of one cell fused with dendrites of another, but Sir Charles Sherrington noticed that it takes a long time for the signal to travel. Therefore concluded that there is a gap * Synapse – the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving cell * Synapse gap (synaptic cleft) – the tiny gap at the junction (less than a millionth inch wide) * When action potential reaches the terminal’s at the axon, release of chemical messenger is triggered (neurotransmitters) * Soon the neurotransmitters cross the synapse gap and bind to the receptor site on the receiving neuron * For an instant the receptors unlock the channels at the receiving site and electrically changed atoms flow in , exciting or inhibiting the receiving neu ron readiness to fire * Then reuptake occurs (a process when the sending neuron reabsorbs the neurotransmitters) * How neurotransmitters Influence Us : there is a particular path way in the brain for certain neurotransmitters and particular neurotransmitters may have particular effect on behaviour and emotion * Example: Acetylcholine (ACh) – one of the best understood neurotransmitters * Has to do with learning and memory * At every junction between motor neurons and skeletal muscles * Muscles contract, but when pathway is blocked we are paralyzed * Drugs like artificial opiates (like heroin and morphine) lessen pain and boost mood, may cause brain to stop producing its natural opiates (may cause discomfort) * Drugs and other chemical affect brain chemistry at synapses by either amplifying or blocking a neurotransmitter’s activity * Agonist – a molecule similar to a neurotransmitter that can mimic its effect or block the reuptake * Black widow spider venom floods synapses with Ach cause muscle contractions †¦ and possibly death * Antagonists – block neurotransmitter’s functioning * May occupy receptor sites – but not similar enough to stimulate receptor * Nervous system – body’s electrochemical communication network consisting of nerve cells from peripheral and central nervous systems * Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – sensory and motor nervous system that connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Has 2 components: * Somatic Nervous System – part of the PNS that controls skeletal muscles * Automatic Nervous System – part of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs (ie the heart) * Sympathetic nervous System – arouses the body and gives energy * Accelerate heartbeat, raise blood pressure, slow digestion †¦ when something alarms, enrages or challenges you making you alert and ready for action * Parasympathetic Nervous System – calms the body down, conserving energy (opposite of sympathetic) The two work together to keep you in steady internal state * Central Nervous System (CNS) – the brain and the spinal cord * Neural networks– groups of brain neurons cluster into work groups * Neurons network with near-by neurons with which they can make fast connection * Spinal cord – information way connecting PNS to the Brain * Reflex – an automatic response to a sensory stimulus – spinal cord’s work * Simple reflex pathway is composed of single sensory & motor neurons * Communicate through interneurons * Below pt of injury on spinal cord – loses connection w/ brain – lose all sensation and voluntary movement in body regions with sensory & motor connections * The Endocrine System – body’s slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that produce hormones into your bloodstream * Hormones – chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues * Slower than neural massages, but last longer * Adrenal Gland – a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body at time of stress * Increase heart rate, blood sugar levels, blood pressure †¦ * Pituitary Gland – endocrine system’s most influential gland. When under hypothalamus influence, the pituitary gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands * Pea sized structure located in the core of the brain * Example pituitary gland influences the sex glands to release sex hormones * (brain pituitary other hormone brain ) – connection b/w endocrine + nervous Module 5 * Lesion – tissue destruction   * Brain lesion -Naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue * Used in Experiments: tiny clusters of normal/defective brain cells would be destroyed w/ surrounding unharmed – which part influences what Scientists electrically/chemically/magnetically stimulate various parts of the brain – note effects * Neuroscientists study the working brain by: recording brain’s electrical activity * Electroencephalogram (EEG) – amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface (measured by electrodes places on scalp) * PET (positron emission tomography) Scan – visual display that shows brain activity that detects where radioactive glucose (gamma rays) goes in the brain while it performs a certain task * Active neurons are glucose hogs * MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – technique that uses magnetic field and radio waves to produce computer generated images of the soft tissue – show brain anatomy * Align spinning atoms of the brain molecules, then radio wave pulse temporarily disorients atoms return to normal spin; formed detailed pic of the brain tissue b/c released signals * fMRI (functional MRI) – a technique revealing blood flow (brain activity), by comparing successive MRIs – show brain function and structure * Brainstem – the oldest part of the central core of the brain * Starts where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull * Responsible for automatic survival functions   * Medulla – base of brainstem * Responsible for heartbeat and breathing * Right above the medulla are the pons help coordinate movement Brainstem is where most nerves to and from each side of the brain connects to the opposite side of the body – crossover pt * Reticular formation – located inside brainstem b/w ears – extends from spinal cord thalamus * A nerve network – plays an important role in controlling arousal * Filters incoming stimuli and relays important info to other parts of brain * Thalamus – brain’s sensory switchboard receives sensory info – except smell – from all senses, then directs messages to the sensory receiving area in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla * Located on top of the brainstem * Cerebellum – functions include processing sensory input and coordinating voluntary movement output and balance – located at the back of the brainstem * Enables nonverbal learning + memory – judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds/textures Limbic System – neural system associated with emotions and drive * Located below cerebral hemisphere – 2 halves of brain (brain hemisphere) * Hippocampus – process memory * Amygdala – two neural clusters linked to emotion (influences aggression and fear) * Hypothalamus – located below the thalamus – keep body’s internal environment in a steady state * Directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature) * Helps govern endocrine system via pituitary glands * Linked to emotions and reward Module 6 * Older brain networks sustain basic functions and enable emotion, memory and basic derives * Newer brain networks (within the cerebrum the two hemispheres that make up 85% of our brain mass) are responsible for more advanced things like speaking and thinking and perceiving Cerebral cortex – thin layer of interconnected neural cells covers the brain(cerebral) hemispheres. – body’s ultimate control + info-processing center (thinking mostly occurs) * As we move up the animal ladder, cerebral cortex expands, genetic control decreases, and adaptation increases * small cerebral cortex (ie frogs) operate mostly on programed genetic instructions (instinct); larger cortex – larger capacity for learning & thinking more adaptable * Humans have a very complex functioning cortex Structure: Has lots of wrinkles and if expanded, triples the area * brain hemispheres filled w/ axons connecting cerebral cortex to all other brain regions * Glial cells – cells in the nervous system that protect, nourish and support neurons * Provide nutrients, insulating myelin, guide neural connection and mop up ions and neurotransmitters to neurons * May also participate in information transmission and memory * Moving up animal chain proportion of glial cells to neurons increases * Each hemispheres (there are 2) are divided into 4 lobes separated by fissures (folds) * Frontal lobe (behind the forehead) – involved in speaking and muscle movement also controls making plans and judgments * Parietal lobe (at the top to rear) – receives sensory input for touch & body position * Occipital lobe (at the back of the head) – receives information from visual fields * Temporal lobe (above the ear) – includes auditory areas (receives info from opposite ear) Functions: * German physician Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzing applied mild electric stimulation to a dog’s cortex caused parts of the dog’s body to move * Worked only when stimulating the arch shaped regions on the back of the frontal lobe * Stimulating parts of this region in the left/right hemisphere caused movements on opposite side of certain body parts Motor cortex – area at the rear of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement * Areas of body that require most control (like fingers and mouth) have largest area * Sensory cortex – area at front of parietal lobe that process sensory touch &movement sensations * The more sensitive the body region, the larger area for sensory cortex is developed for it * Association area – areas of the cerebral cortex not involved in primary motor control function or sensory functions: they are involved in more complex functions like learning, memory, thinking and speaking * Not dormant areas – rather interpr et, integrate & act on info processed by sensory areas * found in all four lobes * Front lobe enable judging, processing of new memories and planning * Damage to frontal lobe may cause personality change (Ex Gage, damaged frontal lobe, but still had all memories and skills intact.. just became more irritable and dishonest) * Parietal lobe enable mathematical and three-dimensional reasoning * Underside of the right temporal lobe allows us to recognize faces * Memory, language & attention results from synchronized activity among brain areas * Brain’s Plasticity – brain’s ability to change, during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or building new paths based on experience * Severed neurons do not regenerate and some specific brain functions are reassigned to certain areas * Some neural tissue can be reorganized if the person is still young * Constraint-induced therapy – aims to rewire the brain by warning a fully functioning limb and forcing the used of the disfunctioning limb * Losing a finger may cause the sensory area responsible for that finger to input adjacent figures (making them more sensitive) * Neurogenesis – formation of new neurons * The fact that brain`s two sides serve different functions is seen when there is damage * 1961, Philip Vogel and Joseph Bogen thought that major epileptic seizures were caused by increase in brain activity bouncing back and forth between the cerebral hemispheres * Tried cutting the corpus callosum – the large band of axon fibre connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying massages between them * Split brain – condition resulting from the surgery that isolates the brain`s two hemispheres by cutting the fibres (mainly those in corpus callosum) connecting them * Normal personality and intellect hardly affected * Right hemisphere – used when a person preforms perceptual tasks * Makes inferences to languages * Left hemisphere – increase activity when a person speaks or calculates * Makes quick, literal interpretations of language * Also responsible for sign language in deaf people * 90% of people are right handed and 10% of people are left handed ( a bit more male left handed people and a bit less female) * 96% of right handed people process speech in left hemisphere * 70% of left handed people process speech in left hemisphere, and everyone else either left or both * Bias of right hand is unique to humans (and other primates like chimpanzees and baboons) * Either genes or parental factor indicates handedness

Essay on The First World War (WWI) - 777 Words

WORLD WAR ONE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There has always been wars, and there will always be wars. Most wars leave a huge impact on the history of that nation, especialy if it involves more than one. In 1914, long-standing rivalries among European nations exploded into war. World War one, as it is now called, cost millions of lives. Such a war, has left a deep intentaion on the American history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There were three very important causes of World War One; Nationalism, Militarism, and Imperialism ( Davidson, Castillo, Stoff, page 570). For years, these three factor has brought tension to European nations. Then, in June of 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir t the throne of†¦show more content†¦In time, 21 other nations joined the Allies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When war broke out in Europe, the United States was determined to stay neutral to avoid being dragged into the conflict that would clearly tear apart any nation who was involved. While neutral, the Americas supplied other countries with weapons in order to gain money. This all changed wen President Woodrow Wilson recepted the Zimmerman Telegram. This was a telegram from Germany urging Mexico to attack the United States. In return, Germany promised that they would help Mexico win back its â€Å"lost provinces† in the American South west. President Wilson could not longer keep the peace, so he went before congress and asked for a declaration of war. On April 6 of 1917, the president signed the declaration of war. It thrust Americans into the deadliest war the world had yet seen(Davidson, Castillo, Stoff, page 578). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first American troops reached France in June of 1917. They quickly saw the desperate situation if the Allies, they had lost millions of solders, and the troops in the trenches were exhausted and ill. Many of the civilians were near starvation. To make matters worse, Russia withdrew from the war. 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