Court Dances And Opera Ballet - 1169 Words

Chloe Pangonis Barres and Ballet 11/7/15 Court Dances and Opera Ballet King Louis XIV, the Sun King Commonly referred to as the â€Å"Sun King† after his memorable performance as Apollo, King Louis XIV heavily influenced 17th century court dancing over his 72-year reign (the longest of any other known European sovereign). Not only did Louis XIV transform the French monarchy and establish France into the dominant European power, but he created a glittering court at Versailles and ushered in a golden age of art and literature as well. As a passionate dancer, himself, Louis XIV lead one of the most pivotal eras of ballet and remains a symbol of absolute monarchy of the classical age. Born on September 5, 1638 in Saint-Germaine-en-laye, to King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643) and his Habsburg queen, Anne of Austria (1601-1666), Louis XIV was his parents’ first child after 23 years of marriage. Two years following the birth of Louis XIV, younger brother, Philippe was born. Louis and Philippe were often neglected as children and were primarily raised by servants (Louis). After his father’s passing on May 14, 1643, four-year-old Louis XIV inherited the crown thus becoming King Louis XIV of France and, by law, the owner of the bodies and property of more than 19 million subjects (Erlanger). During King Louis’ reign, two kinds of dance developed: social dances for the ballroom and theatrical dances for court entertainments (Powers). Throughout this century, dance and opera wereShow MoreRelatedThe Birth And Evolution Of Ballet1691 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Cavazzi Dance 64 - History of Dance 22 Aug 2014 The Evolution of Ballet The birth and evolution of ballet is indeed a fascinating study. Since its early origins in fifteenth century Italian court, ballet has undergone a succession of changes and been influenced by gifted artists and choreographers alike, whose unique styles and innovative techniques left their indelible mark on the classic art form. Beginning with the Renaissance and continuing through the Romantic Era, ballet evolved as eachRead MoreHow Ballet Has Changed Over Time970 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s ballets are nothing like what they were at first. Ballet has changed over time. A great deal of Ballet dances, at Ballet’s beginning were based off of court dances. Court dances were social dances performed in court, usually between a man and woman. They are also known as ballroom dances. Ballet has grown from being a court dance for the nobles to a sophisticated complex art many can enjoy watching or dancing it. It is often believed that the beginnings of ballet started with Queen CatherineRead MoreThe Russian Dance And Ballet1655 Words   |  7 Pages The history of Russian dance and ballet is extraordinarily complex. The Russians have always enjoyed dance; they were dancing for entertainment and ritual before they were even introduced to Christianity. However, the start of their most culturally significant form of dance, ballet, did not start until 1675 in a small town near Moscow (The Great History 11). Since its humble beginnings, ballet’s evolution in Russia has exploded. Most notably, its growth can be seen through two world famous theaters:Read MoreCompare and Contrast Chinese Classical Dance and European Classical Ballet.932 Words   |  4 Pagesclassical dance and European Classical ballet. Introduction: The main topic of my research paper is comparing and contrasting the difference between Chinese Classical dance and European Classical ballet. The questions I will develop in the paper included as follows. The first one is the difference of movement between Chinese classical dance and European Classical ballet. The second one is the difference of performance between Chinese classical dance and European Classical ballet. The thirdRead MoreThe Evolution Of Ballet And The Human Body2010 Words   |  9 PagesEmma Weber Instructor Miller Speech 96-111 April 7, 2015 The Evolution of Ballet Influential philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, stated that â€Å"the human body is the best picture of the human soul.† A great example of the human body portraying the soul is through the art of ballet. From the Cambridge Dictionary Online, ballet can be defined as â€Å"a type of dancing in which controlled movements of the body are designed to express the beauty of physical motion, often while telling a story, or a piece ofRead MoreThe Lack Of Diversity During The Ballet World Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe lack of diversity in the ballet world was greatly affected at the discovery of Misty Copeland. Being an African American dancer, she knew that she would face struggles greater than those that are already set in the dance world. Although Misty struggled in being accepted, with the love she had for the art, she desired to be great. Copeland knew that her efforts, passion, and admiration would distinguish her from other dancers. She did not hesitate in the idea that a she was going to grow intoRead MoreLHistoire de La Danse Classique/History of Ballet2227 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Ballet Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries. It quickly spread to the French court of Catherine de Medici where it was developed even further. In the 17th century at the time of Louis XIV, ballet was codified. The predominance of French in the vocabulary of ballet reflects this history. It also became a form closely associated with the opera. Ballet then spread from the heart of Europe to other nationsRead MoreEssay on Jean-Baptiste Lully1787 Words   |  8 PagesWhile in Italy he studied dance and music; he played violin and guitar. In March of 1646 he moved to France to tutor Mlle de Montpensier in Italian. There he studied composition and harpsichord. Lully was able to hear the King’s grande bande perform, witness balls where the best French dance music was played. When Mlle de Montpensier was exiled from Paris, Lully was released from her service and gained the attention of King Louis XIV. In February 1653 he danced in â€Å"Ballet de la nuit† with the KingRead MoreThe impact of the French Revolution on Ballet2183 Words   |  9 Pages The impact of the French Revolution on Ballet The French Revolution was a bloody civil war that lasted from the years 1789-1799. [1] The revolution arose out of hard economic times that had befallen France. Widespread famine and hunger, due to a grain shortage, rampaged through sections of the country. The economic crisis led to an increase in taxes on the lower classes, known as the third estate, to upkeep the lavish lifestyle of the nobility. [1] All of these are the known factors that ledRead MoreContemporary Ballet853 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary Ballet Ballet is a formalized kind of performance dance which originated in the Italian Renaissance Courts of the 15th century and further developed in France, England, and Russia as a concert dance form. One of the genres of ballet is Contemporary. It is defined as a form of dance that is influenced by both classical ballet, modern dance, lyrical, and jazz (Wikipedia). It takes its technique and is used of point work from classical ballet, although it permits a greater

The Repercussion of Fracking - 1125 Words

Is there anything better that a cool glass of water on a hot day or a swim in a clear blue lake? We need water for drinking, and we need it for recreation. We use it in a thousand ways. Without it, we could not survive. Yet with more and more people on our planet, we are using a lot and also using it carelessly and that is effecting our everyday living. You can’t walk across a college campus, past an office building, or through a park without seeing one, two, or ten empty bottles. Many are plastic water bottles. Trash bins overflow them. Those water bottles are a problem. Why? Because only one out of five bottles actually makes it to a recycling bin. Plastic bottles take centuries to decompose and if they are incinerated, toxic byproducts, such as chlorine gas and ash containing heavy metals, are releasing into the atmosphere. The rest are littered on our streets or over filing our landfills. They degrade our landscape and damage our environment. In addition the plastic water bottles are not biodegradable that is, they don’t decay. They remain as trash a hundreds of years. Making all the plastic for those bottles uses 17 million barrels of crude oil annually. That is the equivalent to the fuel needed to keep 1 million vehicles on the road for 12 months so why are so many people drinking bottled waters? They believe that they are making a healthy choice. But the truth is that tap water is just as safe, often safer than bottled water. In fact, some bottled water isShow MoreRelatedFracking : Too Many Fracking Problems1631 Words   |  7 PagesToo Many Fracking Problems â€Å"Fracking ensures that the age of oil-and it s princely hydrocarbon cousin, the natural gas molecule-will not end because we have run out of fossil fuels. But it may end because burning these wonderful fuels puts the planet farther down a path we don t want to head down†. Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a petroleum mining method to reach remote gas under water that is located in the crust of the earth. Fracking uses a blend of water, sand, and chemicals. HydraulicRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment856 Words   |  4 PagesFracking is one the most recent and efficient methods to create energy. In order to obtain this controversial natural gas, new jobs are created in rural areas, and as expected, electric bills decreased. Furthermore, Fracking creates enormous amounts of gas at an inexpensive price making the production of any other form of energy practically obsolete. Although not all countries or states in the United States think alike, some of them dispute the claim that fracking negatively affects the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Climate And Societies Across America1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequences of Fracking 1. Introduction Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure commonly used today to extort oil and natural gas from the earth. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. OneRead MoreHow Do Energy Coursing Through The Twenty First Century?1156 Words   |  5 Pageslike fossil fuels; however, natural gases burn without producing harmful byproducts that damage the environment, are plentiful, and are cheap to harvest. The main process used to harness natural gases is called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking for short. The fracking operation requires many engineers, scientists, mechanics, and other laborers. These workers design, build, operate, and maintain large drills that are long enough to drill a mile beneath the surface of the earth. Once the drill reachesRead MoreFracking : An Effective Energy Resource1144 Words   |  5 PagesHydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is the process of drilling wells thousands of feet below the Earth’s surface to extract natural gas deposits that are trapped in shale layers. Large amounts of a solution containing water, sand, and chemicals are shot down the well to fracture the shale layers, thus releasing the desired product. Natural gas is seen as a potential solution to the energy dilemma that faces the world today. However, the process of fracking and the advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Consequences Of Fracking . Introduction:. Fra cking,1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequences of Fracking Introduction: Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure used for the extraction of oil and natural gas. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. As stated by, AlexanderRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment1443 Words   |  6 Pagesdependence comes with hidden costs other than carbon emissions? Would you still want this opportunity in your area? This is what experts and passionate amateurs alike have been debating about fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing.. Although it has the potential to be a very lucrative process, presently fracking is far too detrimental to the environment, for example Southern Illinois’ Shawnee National Forest, for any environmentally conscious human being to be supportive of until there is a largeRead MoreFracking Operations : The Chief Executive Officer Of Eqt Corporation994 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Officer of EQT Corporation, the decision to shut down down hydraulic fracturing (â€Å"fracking†) operations or not gives rise to a defining moment. Regardless of the decision I make, some stakeholders will benefit and others will be made worse off which create s a â€Å"no right answer† situation. However, a decision must be made, and in this case, I would not cease fracking operations. Through continued fracking operations, EQT will be able to return wealth to shareholders, provide jobs to employeesRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pagesthe side-effects of fracking, some families also engaged in long lawsuits against the companies because of these harmful side-effects of fracking. The government finally stepped in and demanded the gas companies to pay for the repercussions and imposed stricter regulations on the process and how to handle the after effects of it. In the end, that helped the town and its people. There’s still some struggle with living in Dimock, but for the most part it was bearable. Fracking was still somethingRead MoreShould We Use Oil Everywhere? Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pageseffect the end of oil will have, is sparking the use alternate resources and methods to subsite for crude oil, and many of these materials will have worse consequences than oil did on the environment. The end of conventional oil will have many repercussions on the world, such as drastic changes daily lives to our daily lives, the economic status of many regions, and the environmental effects of alternative methods used to fill the void oil will leave behind. The end of conventional oil will have

Do You Think Modern Technology Has Made Life Easier And Safer Or Do Y Essay Example For Students

Do You Think Modern Technology Has Made Life Easier And Safer? Or Do Y Essay ou think that modern technology has made life more difficult and more dangerous?Technology today has made life easier and quicker but dangerous. As we look at technologies, questions are risen. By the way what are technologies? Modern technology is machinery that makes life easier. For example, microwave ovens cook food easily without using stoves and making a big mess. And dishwashers put all dirty dishes into the dishwasher and it washes them. Dishwashers are very easy to use and save time comparing it in the old fashion way. Today modern technology also has created problems because they are dangerous. How is technology dangerous? The answer to this question is very simple. There’s lots of incident where there is malfunction in technology. For example, if there is a problem with a car than the car won’t be able to run, or if there is a technical mistake in a train computer system than the train would probably dysfunction and this could lead to a crash. Many people dislike the production of technology. Technology also creates financial problems in families because most technologies are very expensive to buy like the computers, televisions, refrigerators, dvd, and home theatre systems. People who cannot afford to buy this kind of technology live a stressful life. They have to do everything the old fashioned way, which is time consuming. They have to wash their dishes by hand. And those who don’t have a computer have either go to a library which is time consuming or have to type a letter or report with a typewriter which is also time consuming since there is no sp ell check and if there is an error it is going to be difficult to correct. There are more advantages in technologies than disadvantages. How is technology an advantage? Today technology is very important in society because it makes life easier to live on and not time consuming. For example, I don’t want to go home and wash my laundry and hang the clothes outside on the sun to dry, I need a machine that can wash my clothes and dries them. In that way I would know that my clothes are safe because if I hang my clothes outside its possible that my clothes can get stolen. Or I don’t want to cook my food if there were no gas stoves or electric stoves by getting firewoods and lightning them up for cooking. I need a microwave or gas or electric stove. And what if there were no televisions? How would I know who won the football match? Or what is the current news? Or what will the weather be like tomorrow? There are so many reasons why technology has changed people’s lives. Now I could live in a comfortable environment where technology could do e verything for me. Another thing is that technology has created diversity in employment. Today without a degree or certificate young people cannot have or get their dram job. This is a problem for those who don’t go to school, uneducated, and unqualified. The only job they’ll be able to get is in a fast food restaurant or in a warehouse or a very low paying job. Most qualified people who have good education and degree of some sort live a very happy life with good salary. For example, doctors and lawyers. Technology today has indeed showed good results. I can’t imagine how life would be like if there were no technology. Is it possible that one can live without technology? Well most people think that they could but I certainly think not. Because without technology first of all there wouldn’t be any employment. It is technology that has created wide varieties of opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers. For example winery factories, people who build the machines that are used in a winery were very qualified and had the ability to create them. And those who are unskilled get to use them. It’s very interesting that most people don’t look at technology this way and how it helps them. Another thing is that technology is very important in medical facilities. If someone who is very sick and needs a kidney transplant how could the doctors operate? Well they certainly won’t get the kidney out from the donor and putting in on the patient. The doctors hav e to rely on machines the technologies to guide them. Without those high tech medical equipment we or any other person in the world won’t get the best care or treatment if we were sick. Also without technology we wouldn’t have known much about many things. For example, could anyone touch or stand on the moon? What is the moon’s surface looks like? How were planes built to fly? We wouldn’t have known much about anything. It’s our knowledge that creates this technology. .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .postImageUrl , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:hover , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:visited , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:active { border:0!important; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:active , .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764 .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6aca430017eb46d6b7ac86a6d51e764:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Wieght Of Puishment EssayMany people think that technology is a good thing and a bad thing. Well I agree because there are ways technology can be bad but certainly good at the same time. Even though technology has created many problems who knows that the solution to this problems are people itself who created those technology. For example, computers are needed for wide varieties of reasons. Take one for instance that the government needs to keep track of every human kind. They store this database into a computer, and when there is a major breakdown in this computer’s it’s the backup computer that can save all the database. Today the use of technology is tremendous. Almost every home has a computer and a way of communication like the telephone. Every home has stoves and microwaves. Most have cable television. Well to some people technology is the only way for them to depend on for survival. I have learned that technology plays a huge role in every person’s life. For better or worse for the good or bad technology has always been there for us. And it’s true that technology has helped us in lots of ways. The use of technology today has made people think harder to encourage them to create other technology that will benefit us in the future for survival, employment, education, health, etc. Technology could be the best thing that ever happened to us. It’s possible that the future generation might depend on technology for survival because parent’s today doesn’t want their kids to go through what they went through in life. So I think that technology makes like easier.

Child care vs parenting Essay Example For Students

Child care vs parenting Essay Daycare has become a controversy because of the great quantity of advantages and disadvantages that it involves. While a very large number of parents have to rely on child care centers because of career ambitions or financial needs that only their jobs can fulfill, most child psychiatrists believe that the ideal growing environment for an infant is at home with the family. The problem is that choosing the right caregiver, a good substitute for the parents, is very hard, and the consequences of a wrong decision can be very detrimental to the childs personality development. This choice depends on many factors like culture, education and especially income. In fact, the financial availability plays the most important role in the possibility to choose the child care with the highest quality, which means, the lowest danger of a negative impact on the infant. In March 1970, twenty-six percent of mothers with children under two years of age were in the labor force. By the same month in 1984, that figure was 46.8 percent (U.S. Department of Labor, 1984). In the present day, that number is even higher and the children under five years of age who need daycare assistance reached ten million (Bureau of Census, 1995). This strong increase of demand for external caregivers brought to the creation of many specialized centers and the growth of the sector of non-professional assistance like part-time babysitters. Unfortunately, the most part of these offerings are incompetent and low quality. As the average age in which children are placed in extra-parental hands is decreasing, the risk of later behavioral consequences increases, so the choice of the right solution becomes always more critical. At this time, over half of the children under one year need this kind of assistance and approximately sixteen percent of them belong to families very close to the poverty line (NAP chap.1). The problem is accentuated by the widening of the gap between rich and poor, that can be translated in this matter as an increase of difficulty for low-income families to have access to the much more expensive high quality day care options. There are several aspects that built such a controversial situation and the most important are certainly the cultural and economical ones. The huge growth in womens independence and professional ambition, in addition to importance, of the last decades, caused the fall of the cultural basis that have always taken for granted the responsibility of the mother as the full-time caregiver (Chisholm 38). Now women are more willing to gain a successful and respectable place in society, and this can be achieved almost exclusively through hard work and full immersion in their jobs. Simultaneously, the economical situation of our society caused many families to depend on two incomes to satisfy the basic needs. In fact, the increase in the cost of living not sufficiently balanced by a relatively smaller rise in wages, and a greater attitude toward materialism and conspicuous consumption, have given women the same financial responsibility as men (Chilman 451). This aspect can be fully applied on ly on families with an average income or better, because professional daycare programs are pretty expensive and in some cases can reach prices higher than the minimum wage. Those factors combined, have made the external daycare for many couples an absolutely indispensable help to create a family without frustrating sacrifices. But this service is not the easy resolution to every problem, because it can be practical for the parents as well as dangerous for the infant. The advantage that most commonly encourage parents to enroll a child in a daycare program is the freedom for both of them to pursuit their objectives. In fact, some of those programs allow the parents to keep on working full-time, with the benefit of the same income level of before and give, especially to the mother, the possibility to keep a personal life not exclusively concentrated on the infant (Chilman 451). Moreover, this opportunity avoids the scheduling of different work shifts for the two parents that could potentially bring to a loss of closeness in the relationship. For the child there is basically one advantage: the high quality services offer the right settings to .

Freedom of Speech and Liberty free essay sample

Quotations about Freedom Related Quotes Censorship Human Rights USA Patriotism The fact, in short, is that freedom, to be meaningful in an organized society must consist of an amalgam of hierarchy of freedoms and restraints. †Samuel Hendel He that would make his own liberty secure, must guard even his enemy from opposition; for if he violates this duty he establishes a precedent that will reach himself. †Thomas Paine History does not teach fatalism. There are moments when the will ofa handful of free men breaks through determinism and opens up new roads. †Charles de Gaulle Freedom has its life in the hearts, the actions, the spirit of men and so it must be daily earned and refreshed else like a flower cut from its life-giving roots, it will wither and die. †Dwight D. Eisenhower Liberty is the possibility of doubting, of making a mistake, of searching and experimenting, of saying No to any authority literary, artistic, philosophical, religious, social, and even political. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Speech and Liberty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †Ignazio Silone, The God That Failed, 1950 Liberty: One of Imaginations most precious possessions. †Ambrose Bierce, The Devils Dictionary The patriots blood is the seed of Freedoms tree. Ђâ€ Thomas Campbell Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be able to decide. †Napoleon Bonaparte Here is my advice as we begin the century that will lead to 2081. First, guard the freedom of ideas at all costs. Be alert that dictators have always played on the natural human tendency to blame others and to oversimplify. And dont regard yourself as a guardian of freedom unless you respect and preserve the rights of people you disagree with to free, public, unhampered expression. 2081 Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves. I wish that every human life might be pure transparent freedom. Beauvoir Ђâ€ Gerard K. ONeill, †Abraham Lincoln †Simone de Stevenson, speech, Detroit, 1952 It is easy to take liberty for granted, when you have never had it taken from you. †Author unknown, sometimes attributed to M. Grundler We on this continent should never forget that men first crossed the Atlantic not to find soil for their ploughs but to secure liberty for their souls. †Robert]. McCracken You have freedom when youre easy in your harness. †Robert Frost For what avail the plough or sail, or land or life, if freedom fail? Ђâ€ Ralph Waldo Emerson Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the atigue of supporting it. †Thomas Paine In the truest sense, freedom cannot be bestowed; it must be achieved. †Franklin D. Roosevelt We have to call it freedom: whod want to die for a lesser tyranny? †Mignon McLaughlin, The Neurotics No tebook, 1960 Freedom is the oxygen of the soul. †Moshe Dayan There are two freedoms the false, where a man is free to do what he likes; the true, where he is free to do what he ought. Ђâ€ Charles Kingsley No one is free when others are oppressed. †Author Unknown Nations grown corrupt Love bondage more than liberty; Bondage with ease than strenuous liberty. †John Milton Just, harmonious, temperate as is the spirit of liberty, there is in the name and mere notion of it a vagueness so opposite to the definite clearness of the moral law. †Augustus William Hare and Julius Charles Hare, Guesses at Truth, by Two Brothers, 1827 Freedom means choosing your burden. †Hephzibah Menuhin Most people want security in this world, not liberty. †H. L. Mencken, Minority Report, 1956 †Eric Hoffer Men fght for freedom, then they begin to accumulate laws to take it away from themselves. †Author Unknown Freedom is that instant between when someone tells you to do something and when ou decide how to respond. †Jeffrey Borenstein Liberty is always dangerous, but it is the safest thing we have. †Harry Emerson Fosdick Freedom is not enough. †Lyndon B. Johnson Liberty has never come from the government. Liberty has always come from the subjects of it. The history of liberty is a history of resistance. Ђâ€ Woodrow Wilson The sound of tireless voices is the price we pay for the right to hear the music of our own opinions. †Adlai Stevenson, speech, New York City, 28 August 1952 We must be free not because we claim freedom, but because we practice it. †William Faulkner They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. †Benjami n Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759 Everywhere the human soul stands between a hemisphere of light and another of darkness on the confines of two everlasting hostile empires, Necessity and Free Will. Ђâ€ Thomas Carlyle, Essays, The Opera We have enjoyed so much freedom for so long that we are perhaps in danger of forgetting how much blood it cost to establish the Bill of Rights. †Felix Frankfurter O Liberty! is it well To leave the gates unguarded? Ђâ€ Thomas Bailey Aldrich No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck. Mass Meeting, Washington, D. C. , 1883 Let freedom never perish in your hands. †Frederick Douglass, speech, Civil Rights †Joseph Addison Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth. Ђâ€ George Washington I believe there are more instances of the abridgment of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent encroa chments of those in power than by violent and sudden usurpations. †James Madison, speech, Virginia Convention, 1788 Liberty doesnt work as well in practice as it does in speeches. †Will Rogers Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err. †Mahatma Gandhi Order without liberty and liberty without order are equally destructive. †Theodore We cannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home. †Edward R. Murrow Freedom has a thousand charms to show, That slaves, however contented, never know. †William Cowper Most men, after a little freedom, have preferred authority with the consoling assurances and the economy of effort which it brings. †Walter Lippmann, A Preface to Morals, 1929 The contest for ages has been to rescue liberty from the grasp of executive power. †Daniel Webster Freedom is nothing else but a chance to be better. †Albert Camus Men fght for liberty and win it with hard knocks. Their children, brought up easy, let it slip away again, poor fools. And their grandchildren are once more slaves. †D. H. Lawrence, Classical American Literature, 1922 I prefer liberty with danger to peace with slavery. †Author Unknown Freedom is the will to be responsible to ourselves. †Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols, 1888 The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well- eaning but without understanding. †Louis D. Brandeis When the People contend for their liberty, they seldom get anything for their Victory but new Masters. †George Savile A nation may lose its liberties in a day and not miss them in a century. Ђâ€ Baron de Montesquieu Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it. †George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman, Maxims: Liberty and Equality, 1905 The people never give up their liberties but under some delusion. †Edmund Burke We anarchists do not want to emancipate the people; we want the people to emancipate themselves. Ђâ€ Errico Mal atesta, lAgitazione, 18 June 1897 Freedom is never free. †Author Unknown We are free, truly free, when we dont need to rent our arms to anybody in order to be able to lift a piece of bread to our mouths. Ђâ€ Ricardo Flores Magon, speech, 31 May 1914 Many politicians are in the habit of laying it down as a self-evident proposition that no people ought to be free till they are fit to use their freedom. The maxim is worthy of the fool in the old story who resolved not to go into the water till he had learned to swim. †Thomas Macaulay My definition ofa free society is a society where it is safe o be unpopular. Adlai E. Stevenson Jr. (1900- 1965), Speech in Detroit, 7 Oct. 1952 Freedom is Just Chaos, with better lighting.

Free Essays on Changing America

A Changing America The 1920’s, one of the most important era’s in American history. It carried high prestige because of the fact that the 1920’s changed everything, from the way people thought about themselves to the way people had fun and kept themselves entertained. It was an era that had drastic changes in political attitude, economic attitude, and cultural values. The topics addressed in chapter 12 reflect a changing America in that American values and attitudes all changed due to the new wave thinking brought on by the 1920’s. The first major change in American society was the change that occurred in America’s political attitude. The most major change in political attitude was due to Americans newfound hatred of immigrants. Because the 1920’s instilled a sense of national pride and nationalism many Americans were against immigrants. People did not like immigrants because of the fact that they felt they were un-American and gave America a bad name. Since the 1920’s made people feel important because of new found income and entertainment, it made people believe that any time there was a problem in America it was not because of an American. Therefore a lot of the blame was placed on immigrants. So in order to keep America â€Å"American† the government put heavy restrictions on immigrants. One of these restrictions was the Act of 1921, which limited the amount of immigrants entering the United States from Europe. Then in 1924 the American government decided to lower the amount of European immigrants and exclude all Asian immigrants. Another occurrence in the 1920’s that explains the changing political attitude was Prohibition. Prohibition was a law that was passed through a new Amendment that outlawed the consumption and sale of alcohol. This was yet another attempt by the American government to eliminate all things that they felt brought America down. Even though Prohibition decreased domestic abuse and death it... Free Essays on Changing America Free Essays on Changing America A Changing America The 1920’s, one of the most important era’s in American history. It carried high prestige because of the fact that the 1920’s changed everything, from the way people thought about themselves to the way people had fun and kept themselves entertained. It was an era that had drastic changes in political attitude, economic attitude, and cultural values. The topics addressed in chapter 12 reflect a changing America in that American values and attitudes all changed due to the new wave thinking brought on by the 1920’s. The first major change in American society was the change that occurred in America’s political attitude. The most major change in political attitude was due to Americans newfound hatred of immigrants. Because the 1920’s instilled a sense of national pride and nationalism many Americans were against immigrants. People did not like immigrants because of the fact that they felt they were un-American and gave America a bad name. Since the 1920’s made people feel important because of new found income and entertainment, it made people believe that any time there was a problem in America it was not because of an American. Therefore a lot of the blame was placed on immigrants. So in order to keep America â€Å"American† the government put heavy restrictions on immigrants. One of these restrictions was the Act of 1921, which limited the amount of immigrants entering the United States from Europe. Then in 1924 the American government decided to lower the amount of European immigrants and exclude all Asian immigrants. Another occurrence in the 1920’s that explains the changing political attitude was Prohibition. Prohibition was a law that was passed through a new Amendment that outlawed the consumption and sale of alcohol. This was yet another attempt by the American government to eliminate all things that they felt brought America down. Even though Prohibition decreased domestic abuse and death it...

Effects of eating too much junk food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of eating too much junk food - Essay Example Junk food affects children’s diet. This is evidenced by the fact that children who consume many snacks loose appetite for meals. In relation to this assertion, it is evident that improper diet results in nutritional imbalance for children, which has the potential to retard their growth and development. For instance, Jia (95) claims that imbalance of nutrition affects the development of a child’s brain and body. Also, children who consume lots of junk food such as chips, candy and burgers become overweight. Majority of the heart diseases, unfortunately, are as a result of adding up extra weight. Unfortunately, overweight children tend not to like exercising. Such children not only become clumsy, but also lose confidence in themselves. Additionally, it is evident that obesity may result in shortness of breath as well as enhance the development of asthma in addition to sleep apnea. Consumption of high amounts of fast food also affects the formation of skin and bones. This is evidenced by the fact that food rich in carbohydrates increase blood sugar levels triggering acne. Additionally, the consumptions of foods rich in carbs and sugar make the bacteria residing inside the mouth to produce acid that destroy tooth enamel, one of the contributing factors in dental cavities. Consumption of junk foods also hampers with the health of adults. According to Jia (94), the food rich in calories results in the accumulation of fat in the body, especially in elderly people. Too much fat in the body can lead to the occurrence of diabetes, especially when the disease is genetic. Since junk food contains large amounts of calories, consuming junk food is one of the causes of serious diseases in adults (Jia 95). For instance, junk food clogs arteries, which means it affects the flow of blood around the body. Unfortunately, this complication can kill a person

Rationality Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rationality - Term Paper Example That’s why it is called foundationalist. It interprets knowledge according to one’s personal foundations, how one is taught about things. These basic beliefs are treated as self-justifying meaning to say that it does not need any reason or explanation whatsoever in understanding the said belief. This is used to understand other things as these reasons are the basic principles of how the human mind works. The foundationalist approach to rationality then is a more rigid structure of what is and what is not without needing to explain things further or whether to think that something can be interpreted in more ways than one. This is how it is different from the constructivist approach wherein this approach interprets rationality as something that can be viewed differently from one person to another, whether they are from the same or different cultures, or whether they had the same or different experiences. Its basis is upon one’s own personal interpretations and whil e interpreting and explaining things, it moves on to create new explanations that further open new roads and opportunities of thought processes. The constructivist approach to rationality is a more flexible way of understanding things, as the term implies it constructs explanations rather than ground them as what foundationalist approach does. With this, I can say that rationality can be perceived both ways (although this still is a more constructivist approach). We can use grounded beliefs in interpreting different things that needs explanations, although there are some specific things that need to be interpreted depending on how one is raised upon it. Evidently, this shows that good reasons are evidently true depending on how we try to explain things. Classmate Todd’s interpretation of the foundationalist and constructivist approach to rationality allows us to see that both approaches can go hand-in-hand in understanding rationality. This is

Criminal Liability -Theft and Fraud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Liability -Theft and Fraud - Essay Example The British Criminal Code provides for a number of ways to become involved in the commission of an offence: by actually committing the offence, by aiding and abetting the principal, by engaging oneself with others in a criminal activity with a common intention (Aquinas, 1988) (Ali was participant in Junaid's activity), by counselling another to commit an offence and by being an accessory after the fact. In general, anyone who knowingly encourages or facilitates the commission of an offense or impedes its prevention is a party to the offense (Aquinas, 1988). While one commonly uses the expression "aiding and abetting", the two are different concepts and either of them is ample to engage criminal liability. Whether liability for one's action lies through either concept, it must be accomplished "for the purpose of" aiding or abetting, which simply means "intentionally" as opposed to by accident. There is no need to show that the accused desire the illegal end to occur. One who is indifferent to the fact that his action aids or abets the perpetrator of an offense is therefore guilty. The fact that the principal cannot be convicted is not a block to a successful prosecution of other parties. An attempt to commit an offense is also prohibited.   The acts do not have to be illegal or morally wrong. "Conspiracy is an inchoate or preliminary crime, dating from the time of Edward, but much refined in the Court of Star Chamber in the 17th century. Notwithstanding its antiquity, the law of conspiracy is still uncertain. It can, however, be said that the indictment for conspiracy is a formidable weapon in the armory of the prosecutor. According to the cases, it permits a vague definition of the offense; broader standards of admissibility of evidence apply; it may provide the solution to prosecutorial problems as to situs and jurisdiction: see Director of Public Prosecutions v. Doot, [1973] A.C. 807." These words capture the reality of the conspiracy offense (Aquinas, 1988). The essence of the crime is the agreement between two or more persons to commit an offense. When the agreement is reached, a conspiracy is complete and one cannot withdraw from it. It is irrelevant that the object of the conspiracy is not achieved. A person may become part of a conspiracy by aiding or abetting the conspirators. The Supreme Court of Canada also decided that a conspiracy may be prosecuted in Canada even if the actual crime is committed in another country, as long as there is some important link with Canada. Essentially, theft is committed when anything is fraudulently and without color of right taken or converted with a target to leave without thereof the owner or person who has a special property or concern in it of the thing or his property or concern in it. The intent may be to deprive the person of the property either temporarily or absolutely, although this is not the only proscribed intent.  

Influences of Immigration to the UK, and the Impact

Influences of Immigration to the UK, and the Impact 1.1 Overview The dissertation aims to thoroughly investigate the main influencing factors that do inspire skilled manpower from Bangladesh to immigrate to other countries especially to first world countries. Simultaneously, the dissertation also purposes to identify, analyse and establish the significance of the ultimate impact of such migration on the country, notably on its business ventures. The economy of Bangladesh is highly dependent on the export of human resources and foreign exchange associated with their remittance. However, there has been a significant change in the global labour market in recent times due to a demand for skilled and educated manpower, which is why Bangladesh is now facing stiff competition from new entrants such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Nepal in this traditional market. While Bangladesh government is trying to create skilled workers and export them, highly skilled professionals are now with the changed scenarios migrating in groups leaving their positions vacant, which is a great concern for the government. Due to such migration, government of Bangladesh as well as private organizations are lacking sufficient and trained high-skilled professionals to fulfil their vacant positions and ultimately suffering from mismanagement. As is the scenario, Bangladesh is a third-world country located in the South Asia, where almost half of the population lives under the extreme poverty line announced by the UN. Being a poor and over populated country, the country is now only a developing one and modern civic facilities here in this country are therefore almost absent or insufficient. The country badly lacks in providing most basic needs such as food, housing and treatment and let alone education, security, and welfare. In spite of remarkable growth in the GDP, per capita income is only about $300 in the country. Besides, with the social disorder, political unrest and ever increasing violence in the society, only a few people have real wish to live here. Above all, environmental threat such as desertification, sea-level rise, seasonal change and natural disasters etc. add up fuel in them to jump off the country. It is warned that if the continual rise in the world-temperature carries on, almost a-third of the country will go under water with the rise in the sea-level by 2040. Eventually, citizens of all walks of the country are migration-oriented and each year, a lot of people shift themselves to the richer countries in order to avail themselves of the economic and social opportunities. However, many others migrate to be with their family members who have already migrated to other countries. Education, being another reason for leaving country, is also responsible for international migration as once students go abroad to pursue their studies, they ultimately settle there and do not bother to return. However, these migrations have a huge impact on the country especially on its smooth supply of killed workforce in a number of sectors due to deserting many positions all on a sudden. Eventually, different sectors suffer much lacking proper manpower. It is a fact that in Bangladesh, there are about 150 millions of people, but no right people in the right place due the shortage of proper training and f requent migration. 1.2 Rationale In their election manifesto, one of the two largest political parties, Bangladesh Awami League, clearly announced that short, medium and long term plans will be made and implemented for poverty reduction, efficient management for quick industrialization that can provide employment, speedy expansion of stock market, maintenance of law order and discipline, elimination of bribe and corruption and administrative difficulties, avoidance of political influence, creation of an investment friendly environment and a competitive market system, adoption of innovative technology, and provision of infrastructural facilities that are able to attract entrepreneurs and expand domestic market. In order to encourage investment by local and foreign entrepreneurs and expatriate Bangladeshis, the ONE-STOP facility will be made effective by simplifying legal and procedural formalities. Measures will be put in place to protect indigenous industries. Development of IT industry, strengthening of RMG and textile sectors and expansion of food processing, pharmaceuticals, leather, chemical products, toys, jewellery and furniture industries will be given priority. Special initiative will be taken for alternative use of jute and to make jute industry viable. Small and handicraft industries and agro-based industry will be encouraged and will be given all cooperation in the expansion of markets at home and abroad. Expansion in tourism sector, increase in labour export, and investment of remittance received from expatriate Bangladeshis in productive sectors will be ensured. All above targets and project implementations need sufficiently skilled, highly educated and experienced workforce. However, once the present government started implementation procedure, they have been facing the problem of not having ‘the right people in the right place’ in almost all sectors due to frequent migration which is why both the government and private organizations are now looking into the rationale of the frequent migrations of their employees that has been affecting their targets terribly. According to Office for National Statistics (UK) report on International Migration, Bangladesh, being one of the smallest countries in the world, is one of the top 10 countries of migrants (Source: Table C(ii): Top 10 countries of last of next residence of migrants who are non-British citizens, IPS only, 2005–2006 combined). Therefore, it is indeed justified to study the reasons of skilled people’s immigration from Bangladesh and its effects and aftereffects on organizations while they are recruiting senior especially officials for project implementation. 1.3 The Research Questions The basic aims of the research questions are establish motivating factors that lead thousands of people over the world leave their homeland every year to journey to the other countries from their countries of origins. They simultaneously aim at establishing the deep-rooted impacts of such migration on companies, organizations and recruiters in their recruitment leaving long-term significance on the country. They research questions are stated below. 1. Do Bangladeshi people leave their native country? The very first question aims to establish a general trend among Bangladeshi people i.e. skilled workforce starting from forecast to find out its way to accumulate more obvious secondary data to be processed based on other primary and secondary data found in the relevant field. 2. Why do they plan to leave their native country? The second question aims to establish typical reasons for Bangladeshi skilled employees to leave their jobs and migrate to other countries. It also aims to organize the factors sequentially from more obvious to less determining the burning issues with employees working in the country. 3. What factors lead skilled and educated employees to plan their migrations? The third question is a less general one concentrating on only educated and skilled employees to demonstrate their motivational factors to migration to a different country. 4. How does it impact recruitment process? The final question is the core one that will seek out to demonstrate all positive and negative impacts of such migration on the recruitment process as well as the country. It will determine the impacts that skilled-workers’ migrations can cause and will be mostly answered using processed data supplied by different agencies, organizations and recruiters. Firstly, all primary data from individuals will help us here to identify the relevant respondents’ perspectives and then finally secondary data will assist them to intensify. Hypothesis The hypotheses for the dissertation are as follows. H 1. A lot of Bangladeshi people migrate from their country. H 2. Mostly skilled and educated people are migrating from the country. H 3. Employed people who are not satisfied with their salaries and/or other opportunities are migrating. H 4. Those skilled employees are migrating to developed 1st world countries that beckon better facilities. H 5. The majority of the migrating people are deserting their positions in Bangladesh. H 6. This migration is affecting the recruitment process in Bangladeshi a lot. 1.4 Definition of Related Terms In the very beginning of the discussion, it is really important to define the terms that are embedded in the topic. As we see in the topic, the words migration, employees, employers and recruitment as well as their related terms are to be defined for better presentation. It is to be noted that the terms are sometimes replaced by their synonyms which are given below just after their definitions. 1.5.1 Migration: Different organizations have defined the word in various ways. According to the United Nations, it is simply a ‘transfer lasting more than one year’ (Anna Karenina: The Brain-drain in Lithuania, p10). However, there are more appropriate definitions of the word are found which are appended below. The web-based definitions of the word are (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=migration) †¢ (n) migration (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another) †¢ (n) migration (a group of people migrating together [especially in some given time period]) †¢ (n) migration ((chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule) †¢ S: (n) migration (the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding) Again, online thesaurus defines it like the following (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/migration: Noun1. migration the movement of persons from one country or locality to another Related terms: emigration, out-migration, expatriation migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another) immigration, in-migration migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) movement, move, motion the act of changing location from one place to another; police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities; his move put him directly in my path 2. migration a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period) people (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience The synonyms of the word are immigration, wandering, journey, voyage, travel, movement, shift, trek, emigration, roving, and expatriation. One of the commonest definitions of the word is as follows. Migration: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another (http://www.wordreference.com/definition/migration) What migration refers, however, can be divided into two types. One is emigration and the other immigration. Emigration typically refers to the process of people leaving a nation (Adler and Gielen) . On the other hand, immigration is the process that involves people entering and settling in a country or region to which one is not native (The Free Dictionary) . Secondly, employees refer to the persons involved in doing any job or paid work under any authority. The term employee is defined as a worker who is hired to perform a job (wordnetweb) while an employer is ‘a person or firm that employs workers’ (wordnetweb) . Finally, the term recruitment â€Å"refers to the process of screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm, or for a vacancy† or ‘the process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or of recruits for the armed forces† . External recruitment is the process of attracting and selecting employees from outside the organization. 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The main objective of the dissertation is to examine the overall status of international migration of skilled people from Bangladesh. Simultaneously, it aims at examining the influences on recruitment process due to such migration. 2. Introduction to Literature Review It is a fact that literature review is one of the most important components of any research being undertaken. The basic aim of the review is to spot or identify the current status or state of the investigation in relevant field. It also facilitates the facts and findings of others working in the same field by providing some invaluable background information and statistics. 2.1 Brief History of Migration in Bangladesh In this globalized world, the annual growth rate of the global migration increased from ‘1.2 per cent in 1965-1975 to 3 per cent in early 2000’ (Abella, 2002). The increase in the movement of workers is indicative of increased employment opportunity in the global market. One and the same, since its inception in 1971, from Bangladesh, one of the major emigrating countries in the world, migration has enabled many people to obtain productive, fulfilling and creative work. However, for many others, it has failed to provide jobs of acceptable quality. Yet, each year a large number of people voluntarily migrate overseas for both long- and short-term employment. The earliest immigrants from the British-ruled Indian province of Bengal arrived in first-world countries during the late nineteenth century. They accompanied a small number of retired British Indian officers as either servants or workmen. During the independence of India in 1947, the old Bengal was split, and its Muslim-dominated eastern part became East Pakistan and following a struggle for independence Bangladesh separated from Pakistan in 1971. Despite political independence, and development of a clothes and textiles industry, Bangladeshis experienced a low standard of living which is why people started to seek a better life elsewhere. Thus the trend to immigrate among Bangladeshis started since the inception of the country. During the independence war, the operation of the Pakistani military in East Pakistan in 1971 caused an estimated 8 to 10 million refugees to cross the border into India in one of the great mass movements of modern times. Apart from the above, since 80’s educated youth, skilled workers and executives, and unskilled workers have been migrating from the country in regular basis, mainly migrated to the Middle East and other regions. Additionally, Bangladesh have also lost some highly skilled members of the work force to Western Europe and North America. As time has progressed, the country experienced more migration of skilled employees to somewhere. During the past year, 370,000 Bangladeshis have found employment in Malaysia. It has been learnt that a further 100,000 may also be able to go within this year. This recent Reuters article places most Bangladeshi migrant workers in the Middle East, US, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore (The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008). In fact, migration to other developing countries is more prevalent than it is thought. Mr. Dilip Ratha and William Shaw have estimated in a World Bank Working Paper taking Bangladesh and India for example that Bilateral migration data estimates show 50 million skilled people born in Bangladesh live in outside. The New Nation reported recently that some 370,000 Bangladeshis have found employment in Malaysia and about 100,000 are expected to join them this year. Increasingly, immigration policies of developed countries tend to favour the entry of skilled workers, raising substantial concerns among sending countries. Among many others, the first concern is that a higher skilled content of migration is found to be associated with a lower flow of remittances and second, there is little evidence suggesting that raising the skill composition of migration has a positive effect on the educational achievements in the home country. 2.2 Number of Migrants Located in the north-eastern part of South Asia, Bangladesh lies between 20 º34 and 26 º36 north latitude and 88 º01 and 92  º 41’ east longitudes. These picturesque geographical boundaries frame a low lying plain of about 1,47,570 sq. km criss-crossed by innumerable rivers and streams having population of about 120 million which makes it the eighth populous country of the world. As is stated before, the country is has been experiencing emigrated people since its inception and the rates of the university-educated people’s immigration tend to be higher than for the general population in developing countries. This is even greater for scientists, engineers, and members of the medical profession.In South Asia, the tertiary-educated people’s emigration rate from the region is more than 100 times greater than primary or secondary educated people. In 2005, total stock of emigration from Bangladesh was 4,885,704, which was 3.4% percent of the population. Among all emigrating countries in the world, the country placed 5th in that year, whereas in the year 2000, it was not in the top 10 list of tertiary educated emigration list. 2.3 Top Destinations In 2005, by a rough estimate, two of every five migrants on the globe were residing in a developing country. Most of these migrants are likely to have come from other developing countries. The extent and issues surrounding migration between developing countries, however, remain poorly understood, largely because data on migration in developing countries are incomplete and unreliable. However, as far as the destination is concern, Bangladeshi emigrants have been regularly emigrated to a selected list of countries. According to siteresources.worldbank.org, the 10 top destination countries of Bangladeshi emigrants in 2005 were India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United States, Oman, Italy, Canada, Singapore, Rep. of Korea, and Malaysia. However, the UN Population Division differs a bit. As per them, the top Immigration Countries are the US, Russia, Germany, Ukraine, France, Saudi Arabia, Canada, India, U.K., Spain, Australia, Pakistan, U.A.E, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cote dIvoire, Jo rdan, Japan, Iran, Singapore, West Bank Gaza, Ghana, Kuwait, Switzerland, Malaysia, Netherlands, Argentina, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. The following bar graph shows the details relating to those counties’ immigration pattern in 2005. 3. Introduction to Methodology: In order to provide a complete up-to-date analysis, both secondary and primary researches were carried out. A variety of methods were considered to find the most suitable ones collecting the specific types of data. 3.1 Secondary Research: Secondary research normally denotes an activity whereby no new original data is collected but where the research project draws an existing sources alone. Secondary data can be seen as books, journals, statistical reports from government and other document . In order to access relevant data, it was essential to use a variety of different sources of information. Majority of time was spent in learning resource centre at Thames Valley University where possible to gain access not only to textbooks, but also to a variety of magazines, journals and online databases. Very useful were search engines like EBOSCOhost and Emerald, which can pull information from a range of academic sources. Some time was also spent in Ealing Library browsing through additional text. A vast amount of articles found was Bangladeshi Language; therefore a fair amount of time was spent on translation of those texts. 3.2 Primary Research: The aim of the primary research is to seek the answer to one the key questions of this dissertation; What are the main factors/motivators affecting the decision of highly skilled labour to migrate form Bangladesh? It is very important to select the most adequate and reliable primary data collection methods. Various ways of collecting data will be discussed in this chapter as well as why have been chosen or declined or specific information collection. Primary research generally refers to that research which involves the collection of original data using an accepted research methodology. 3.2.1 Types of Research: There are two different types of research: qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, first of all it is important to make distinction between these two types of research methods. According to Clarck, Riley, Wilkie and Wood (2003) qualitative techniques rely on the skills of the researcher as an interviewer in gathering data whereas quantities methods place reliance upon the research instruments employed to gather data and analyse it. According to Jennings (2001) qualitative data is based on textual representations of the phenomenon under study, often referred to as phenomenological approach. Qualitative or inductive research commences in the empirical social world, where data about the phenomenon are gathered, and then analysed and theoretical constructions are generated. Research that utilise a qualitative methodology draws on data collection methods such as participant observations, in-depth interviews, semi structured interviews, case studies and focus groups. Veal (1992) argues that data could also be collected through informal interviewing as well as in depth interviews. Qualitative research enables researcher to highlight detailed and in depth snapshots of the participants under study. Quantitative research is grounded in the positivists social science paradigm that primary reflects the scientific method of the natural science. The quantitative approach to research usually involves statistical analysis. The data can be derived from questionnaire survey, observation or from secondary sources . The main quantitative methods for gathering data are: Æ’ËÅ" Questionnaires Æ’ËÅ" Non-participant observation Æ’ËÅ" Surveys Veal (1992) believes that these two approaches complement each other and even that qualitative research should be based on initial qualitative work. Webster, Stephen, Marshall and William (2004) also argue that the contrasting nature of positivism and phenomenological approaches can be used to complement each other. The feasibility of these statements can be backed up with the â€Å"mixed method approach† discussed by Jennings (2002), who states that this type of research is often used to gather information on the tourism phenomenon, which in some extent is migration process. 3.2.2 Data Gathering Methods: 3.2.2.1 Case Studies: Case studies are a complex research activity, which involves the through analysis of a single unit- a person, or a company. However, this method does not allow the researcher to apply theory developed to other similar cases. 3.2.2.2 Interviews: Interviews have been likened to conversations they are merely one of the many ways in which two people talk to one another . There are major advantages to using to using interviews. Researcher can collect more information and more complex information, response rate is generally very good and can use recording equipment. Also, interviewer can take a note of body language, gestures or facial expression of the interviewee . However interviews can be difficult to arrange, might be time consuming and quite costly. There is a range of interview types that can be applied when gathering information. Understand or in depth interviews are those interview where there is no formal schedule. The interviewer has the idea about the issues and might have a list of relevant topics and these are merely used as a guide . Main disadvantage about using those types of interviews is that they come up as a bit of a challenge. Interviewer has to be experienced and leas the conversation in order to gather relevant data. Veal (1992) mentions that in order to conduct a good in depth interview researcher has to have the skills of a â€Å"good investigate journalist†. For those who do not posses such skills, semis-structured interviews might be another option. According to Jennnings(2001) semi-structured interviews can be used by both qualitative methodologies. Those interviews still remain in the way of conversation type; however the interviewer has a prompt list of issues that focus the interaction. The main advantages of such interview are that the questions are not specifically predetermined; therefore the researcher is still able to ask further clarification on the particular issue . Also the semi-structured schedule provides a more relaxed interview setting. Due to a nature of the topic, an interview was not chosen as a method of gathering primary data. In order to complete the research many opinions have to be gathered and that can not be possibly done using interview method. Also, because the research country is quite a bit away from the UK, it would be vary difficult to match times with every interviewee and also very costly (air-ticket, accommodation, food, etc). 3.2.2.3 Focus Groups: Instead of interviewing participants individually, study participants individually, study participants are interviewed together . According to Veal (1992) groups usually comprises between 5 and 12 people. According to Jennings (2001) focus groups are used when the researcher believes that the interaction between group members will add to the richness of data collected. The main advantage of focus groups lies in the possibility between people, generation of new by the participants and the degree of flexibility to follow trends or issues. However, same as in depth interviews focus groups require an experienced facilitator to lead the discussion otherwise it may result in stronger personalities dominating the session. It was mostly the lack of experience that drove the decision of not using focus groups approach as the method for gathering information. 3.2.2.4 Observation: Observation can be participant or not participant, in either way researcher is observing the surroundings around him. In participant observation researcher becomes a participant in the process that is being studied. A participant observation raises a number of problems such as admittance to the particular site of observation and when admitted the way researcher should handle the activity . In the case participant observation is not realistic option because of the nature of research topic. Furthermore, non participant observation is not possible as the subject is not related for example to the length of the queue for breakfast, but requires educated population opinion and attitude. 3.2.2.5 Surveys: Surveys generally ask who, what, how many, or where. They tend to include relatively large samples and wide fields of study, often using questionnaire or standardise interviews. Surveys provide a good what to summarize the status of large group of individuals, companies, etc. (Johns and Lee-Ross, 1998-58) According to Jennings (2001) surveys are methods of data collection in which information is gathered through oral or written questioning. Surveys may also include self-completed questionnaires administered by post, e-mail or in person as well as structured interviews carried out in person or over the telephone. Surveys completed in person can use interviewer completed questionnaires as the tool to gather information. Mail or email surveys use questionnaires to gather data. Pilot surveys, which are small â€Å"trail runs† of a larger survey, are often carried to try our wording of questions, the understanding of terms used, to test sequencing of questions and to gain a preliminary estimate of the likely response rate. A pilot is a simple way of testing whether the articulation of the method(s) selected for use in a research programme is adequate to meeting research objectives. (Clark, Riley, Wilkie and Wood,2003) 3.2.2.6 Questionnaires: Questionnaires rely quite heavily on respondents being literate or familiar with the language used in questionnaire . Questionnaires can be used only when respondents are available and willing to participate as research subjects. The main advantages of using questionnaires are: Can cover a large number of people Relatively cheap Avoids respondents embarrassment Possible anonymity of respondent No interview bias When using questionnaires to perform primary data collection it is very important to remember some major disadvantages of using that method. First of it is very difficult to design a perfect questionnaire from a very first time. Bell (1992) suggests that producing a really good questionnaire is harder than it might be imagined. Another problem with questionnaire is regarding the actual questions itself, which have to be relatively simple. The advantage of questionnaire being anonymous can bring also a disadvantage of not being able offer assistance if needed. The major advantage to use questionnaires is that the reliability and validity of data collected depend upon respondents’ memories and forthrightness . Generally questionnaires are used when the researcher is specific on the subjects of the investigation; the research is covering a relatively large number of people gathering facts or opinions; or when the researcher is trying to establish the extent of something . Special data processing is often needed because of the considerable amount of missing data or simply to evaluate data received and present it in graphs/charts . Questionnaires may be self employed or interviewer completed. The interviewer completed questionnaires give an opportunity for face to face interaction, which can contribute to increased participation; it can also bring it clarification sought by the respondent regarding language problems or terms used . However, that sort of activity would involve high travel cost and tends to be rather time consuming, as well as refuses the possibility of anonymity. Whereas self completed questionnaires at their own time peace. On contrary, respondents are not able to seek assistance or clarification on the questions if needed. Respondents may not understand the language of the questionnaire and therefore it may result in questionnaire being partly completed or non-completed at all, which would lower the response rate . For this particular research it was decided to develop a structured questionnaire and take survey as many emigrate from Bangladesh as possible. In total target are 200 interviews; participation from emigrate person from Bangladesh in this survey via email, face to face interview. 3.2.3 Sampling: Sampling is a process that involves the selection of some members of the larger population . In most survey research and some observational research it is necessary to sample. Usually sampling approach is used where research is concerned with a very wide group of population . Clark, Riley, Wilkie and Wood (2003) suggest that samples are frequently studied in order to learn something about the characteristics of the larger groups of which they are part. Sampling can be random and non-random. The key feature of non-random sampling is that items for research are chosen not randomly but purposively . Random sampling is a sampling technique where a group of subjects for a study is selected by the researcher from a larger group (a population). Each individual is chosen entirely by a chance and each member of the population has a chance of being included in the sample . In the non-random s

Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Essays -- Health Birth Nutrition Papers

Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Pregnancy has often been viewed as a period of great developmental change for women. This is also a period in which previously dormant psychological issues rise to the surface and when current issues have the potential to worsen. Because anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa occur primarily in young women, many of whom are of childbearing age, it is important to evaluate the potential medical and psychological consequences when an eating disordered woman becomes pregnant. During pregnancy, conflicts about body changes, alterations in roles, additions of responsibility, and concerns about a woman’s own mothering abilities are prevalent. Many of these concerns are also of great importance to the psychology of eating disorders. Thus, it is not surprising that anorexic and bulimic women have unique problems during their pregnancies (Franko and Walton 1993). The potential for pregnancy to exert a positive or negative influence on eating disorder symptoms is inconclusive. Some studies report a decline in symptoms, while other report heightened symptomatology. However, it has been found that when an eating disorder is present during a pregnancy, the risk of complications is increased (Conti 1998). Anorexia Nervosa and Pregnancy Pregnancy in patients with anorexia nervosa is rarely suspected. Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) is invariably present and is often accompanied by sensations that resemble symptoms of pregnancy. These symptoms include a bloated abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. The detection of conception in anorectic patients is often delayed, and the consequences can be severe (Bonne, Rubinoff and Berry 1995). The course of pregna... ...: A Review and Clinical Implications.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1993 Jan; Vol. 13(1): 41-48. Lacey, J.H., and Smith, G. â€Å"Bulimia Nervosa: The Impact of Pregnancy on Mother and Baby.† British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987; Vol. 150: 777-781. Stein, A., H. Woolley, S.D. Cooper, and C.G. Fairburn. â€Å"An Observational Study of Mothers with Eating Disorders and Their Infants.† Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1994; Vol.35 (4): 733-748. Turton, Penelope, et al. â€Å"Incidence and Demographic Correlates of Eating Disorder Symptoms in a Pregnant Population.† International Journal of Eating Disorders.1999 Dec; Vol. 26(4): 448-452. Waugh, Elizabeth and Cynthia M. Bulik. â€Å"Offspring of Women with Eating Disorders.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1999 Mar; Vol. 25(2): 123-133.

Hugh Hefner Essay

Hugh Hefner was an extraordinary innovator, entrepreneur and revolutionist. The sex obsessed pop culture and generation can recognize the seed of its foundation for being planted by a man who chose to do as he wished. Still yet to be uprooted despite its negative nature, the media has embraced sex as a great advertisement. Hugh Hefner fits into a special category of leadership called transformational. Transformational leaders enhance their followers’ morale and performance through various avenues and that’s exactly what Mr. Hefner completed. In a world where public indecency was frowned upon and sexual behaviors were kept behind closed doors, Hugh Hefner did the unthinkable. Although Hefner was successful in his career, he was not always proactive. During his early years, Hugh Hefner was called unenthusiastic by his professors and teachers. Surprisingly, that is a key is a key element to any type of leadership, positive or negative. Luckily that attribute developed for Mr. Hefner which enabled him to become a great professional and businessman. Later on Hugh Hefner served in the United States army for two years and resigned in 1946. During his time in the army Mr. Hefner did not exhibit great leadership skills as well. It would seem that Hugh Hefner was not born a leader according to the text. Though he was blessed with traits of the Great Man theories, he lacked skill and application of leadership. After Hugh Hefner’s retirement from the army he enrolled in college at the University of Illinois. Hugh Hefner was not a very involved student during his college career but he managed to land a job at the widely know Esquire Magazine corporation. Starting off as a typewriter, Mr. Hefner worked his way to become a publicist, b ut quit after he was denied a five dollar raise. That attitude showed the Hugh Hefner was detrimined to make money and was not taking no for an answer. It all started when Hugh was taking a few graduate sociology courses at Northwestern University; he wrote a paper about the Kinsey report, which produced a more open discussion of sexual acts in America. Mr. Hefner is widely known as the greatest bachelor of all time due to his Playboy magazine which first launched in December 1953. After Mr. Hefner’s first publications began to sale featuring Marilyn Monroe, the critics stepped in. Even though earning a staggering forty three million dollars in net worth feels great, it does not come easily. While people called Mr. Hefner things like pervert and degenerate, his money began to speak and people began to listen. Soon those criticizing words changed into rebel and genius. It was a terrific time to release a new sexy magazine right after the great depression. People needed something to get their minds off of the economy and nothing does that better than sex. Playboy magazine was named after an automobile company in Chicago because Hugh Hefner thought it resembled high class and high class is what he became. As CEO and owner of Playboy magazine Mr. Hefner is in a class of his own. Mr. Hefner being himself and sticking to an idea that fought so much controversy at its time of creation represents volume to his authentic style of leadership. Hugh Hefner has been an icon and trendsetter in the Anglo culture and will be remember for a long time. He shaped media and transformed it into something new. Professional Hugh Hefner is an icon of business and entrepreneurship but how does the common American view him? Though Hugh Hefner has made great contributions in business, what has his efforts done to society? With most great businessmen there reaches a debate of morality and ethics. On the side of business you have a man that transformed mass media and produced more revenue. While on the side of morality you have a man that made a country lustful mainstream sex addicts. The real question is that what can you classify Mr. Hefner as; pseudo transformational or transformational? Was his personal achievement worth the so called â€Å"perversion† of media? In the business aspect, sex is the most widely used form of advertising since the release of Playboy and yes it sells. The term sex sells means as true statement. People want to feel sexy and the want to feel attractive, so if a product is conveying that message then why not buy it? The level of sexual content in advertisements has definitely got out of control since the 60s but there are more channels of communication in media now. Some individuals may say that Mr. Hefner is not responsible for everybody’s’ actions. The opposition could say that leaders, especially transformational ones are the ground breakers and innovators who people follow. It is true that Hefner brought change to marketing and media because that’s what transformational leaders do; they bring change. Other than his external impact on society as a businessman Hugh Hefner’s internal love for his employees will always be remembered. The famous Playboy mansion is home to all of Hefner’s employees if wanted. Each Playboy bunny is given a salary and has virtually no living expenses under Hefner’s management. While living in the playboy mansion, institutional collectivism is greatly reinforced. According to the Michigan University studies Hugh Hefner would produce an employee oriented management. His high consideration for his employees would back that statement. As a leader, living with your bottom level employees is a noble deed and shows his openness as a leader. The technical term for that practice is called authentic leadership and Mr. Hefner is just that. From an outward perspective it seems as if working for Mr. Hefner has a lot of positives. It would appear that all employees would be considered as members of the in group but the everyday relationship between him and his employees is uncertain. He created an environment where people could feel like they were trusted at the Playboy mansion. Mr. Hefner did not stop with a just a magazine, he created an enterprise and true corporation. Like a real entrepreneur Mr. Hefner added on a hotel, trademark clothing accessories and clubs. Though most of his projects were unsuccessful, Playboy still remained profitable due to the success of the magazine. Further analysis of Mr. Hefner as businessman is important to understand if an individual wants to critique his leadership abilities. Throughout the years many studies have taken place on leadership and Hugh Hefner proves most correct. Under a diagnostic of the three skill approach created by Katz in 1955 Mr. Hefner would be a great example of upper level management. As we know, human skills are required in all levels of management. This shows the important of communication in organization. If a person lacks good communication skills most likely they will not be an effective businessman. According to Katz’s theory, top level management requires a high level of conceptual thinking. Luckily Mr. Hefner was granted a 152 on his IQ test, so quick problem solving capabilities come naturally to him. As far as technical skills, Mr. Hefner definitely possesses them but now he does not have to continue using them in his current position. Referring back to Katz’s theory, upper level management does not need technical skills because their job now involves overseeing the company to fit standard and tradition. However, one could see a flaw in that people will not respect someone who is above them but cannot complete every task at hand. Fortunately, that is not a problem for Hugh Hefner having work for a rival magazine which he eventually overcame in market share. Hugh Hefner according to the skills model possessed most if not all the individual attributes and competencies which manifested great leadership outcomes. There is no doubt that Mr. Hefner obtained both general and crystallized cognitive abilities through traits and education. It would appear that his motivation came from monetary value as a lot of great businessmen. Hence him quitting his job at Esquire only to create a better magazine and more revenue in his bank account. His competencies were second nature due to his genius level IQ and out came one of the greatest bachelors and entrepreneurs of all time. In 1959, two brilliant young men Raven and French created the five bases of social power. The five bases is a great way to analyze Mr. Hefner’s impact socially within the company of Playboy. Hugh Hefner’s main sources of social power came from referent, expert, legitimate and reward. Hugh Hefner uses expert social power because he has a great understanding and knowledge of the magazine industry, which he has been working in for over 60 years now. He has legitimate power because he was once the CEO, but still owns the company. Mr. Hefner definitely tries to show off his reward power with to his employees with free lavish living at the Playboy mansion. Further into his career Hugh Hefner suffered a stroke that could have ended fatally. Due to his stroke, Mr. Hefner passed down Playboy enterprises to Christie Hefner, his daughter which had been working for Playboy in the editorial staff. Like a real leader Mr. Hefner never stepped down and still serves on the executive board. His love and compassion for his company kept it going strong while he led by example. Mr. Hefner will be remembered as a lot of things but one of them is undeniable, he is a true leader. Hugh Hefner was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the American Society of Magazine Editors in 1998 and also received the Henry Johnson Fisher award, which is the highest award for a magazine publisher in America. Since retirement Hugh Hefner has spent most of his time doing philanthropy.

The Anthropos Family

The Anthropos Family The Anthropos Family The Anthropos Family By Mark Nichol The Greek noun anthropos, meaning â€Å"male human being† or â€Å"man,† is the root of some familiar and not-so-familiar English words, which are listed and defined below. The best known of these are likely anthropology, which literally means â€Å"the study of humans† and refers to just that- especially in a cultural and social context (and, in a distinct theological sense, to their nature and origin)- and philanthropy (literally, â€Å"love for man†) which pertains generally to promoting the welfare of humans but usually is employed in contexts in which funding or gifts is provided for humanitarian purposes (or for cultural enrichment). The adjectival forms are anthropological and philanthropic, respectively, and those who practice such endeavors are anthropologists and philanthropists. A misanthrope, meanwhile, is unlikely to undertake either one pursuit; a misanthropic person (who practices misanthropy) has contempt or hatred for humans. Apanthropy, meanwhile, refers to the love of solitude or an aversion to human interaction. Anthropic means â€Å"relating to humans or to their time on Earth†; the term is part of the phrase â€Å"anthropic principle,† which refers to the belief that the universe, from the subatomic level to the scale of galaxies, was designed with humans in mind, though the conditions that make human life possible also make all known life-forms possible. (This is also known as the strong anthropic principle, to distinguish it from the weak anthropic principle, which reasons that this idea was able to be formulated only because a life-friendly universe allows sentient minds to observe and reflect on it.) The phenomenon of ascribing human attributes or forms to nonhumans, whether animals, gods, or objects, or to nature, is anthropomorphism (literally, â€Å"the idea of human form†). Cartoon characters who display human characteristics, therefore, are anthropomorphic. Anthropathy (literally, â€Å"human feelings†), meanwhile, is a related concept: that divine beings have emotions. An anthropoid is a primate that more or less resembles a human being, though the term has also been used pejoratively to describe people of inferior breeding or intelligence. On a related note, pithecanthropus (â€Å"ape man†) is the label for one of two extinct anthropoid species. Zoanthropy is a mental disorder in which a person believes that he or she has become an animal and behaves like one; lycanthropy originally referred to a delusion that one is a wolf, though it usually is associated with werewolf folklore. Anthropophagy (â€Å"man eating†) is a fancy synonym for cannibalism. (One who practices cannibalism is anthropophagous.) Anthropolatry is deification or worship of a human. By contrast, psilanthropism (â€Å"the idea of being a mere human†) is a rejection of the divinity of Jesus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer10 Functions of the Comma

Definition and Examples of Periphrastic Constructions

Definition and Examples of Periphrastic Constructions In English  grammar, a periphrastic construction  is one in which an independent word or multi-word expression has the same role as an inflection, such as the use of the auxiliary will with another verb to form the future tense. Periphrasis in the grammatical sense is a back-formation from the adjective periphrastic. For the rhetorical and stylistic sense of the term, see periphrasis (rhetoric). Examples and Observations A tense is inflectional if it is realized as an affix on a head (in English, a verb), periphrastic if it is realized as an independent word. Thus the English past is inflectional, but the future is periphrastic, co-opting the modal will.​  (Jeremy Butterfield, The Arguments of Time. Oxford University Press, 2006)The roots of the periphrastic forms for the future, perfect, and pluperfect can be found as early as Old English. These were established in Middle English, although the simple present and preterite forms were still possible in some contexts in which Present-Day English would use periphrastic constructions.  (Matti Rissanen, Syntax, Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 3, ed. by Roger Lass. Cambridge University Press, 2000) Comparison of Adjectives: Inflected and Periphrastic Patterns There are two patterns of comparison of adjectives, the inflected and the periphrastic. The inflected pattern adds -er to the positive degree: small becomes smaller, happy becomes happier. To form the superlative degree, it adds -est: smallest, happiest. The periphrastic pattern uses the adverbial intensifiers more and most: the comparatives of beautiful and ostentatious are more beautiful and more ostentatious; the superlatives are most beautiful and most ostentatious. The generalizations that seem to account for whether we choose the inflected pattern or the periphrastic are these: (1) most one- and two-syllable adjectives use the inflected pattern; (2) adjectives of three and more syllables almost always use the periphrastic; (3) the higher the frequency of two-syllable adjectives, the more likely they are to inflect for comparison; (4) the periphrastic more and most may on occasion be used with any one-syllable or high-frequency two-syllable adjective, e.g., more dear, most happy .​  (Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993) The Periphrastic Possessive To attribute possessiveness to inanimate objects we generally use the periphrastic possessive, that is a prepositional phrase (beginning with a preposition and followed by a noun). For the inanimate examples, we might expect the following:  (Bernard ODwyer, Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. Broadview, 2006) The expense of getting wool down to the side of the ship would eat up the farmers profits.The director of the clinic made no bones about the underlying problem.After spending some months in a rather depressing Convalescent Home, I was given sick leave for a month. The Evolution of Periphrastic be going to We will describe a recent English change, the rise of periphrastic be going to ... In the periphrasis stage, a periphrastic construction is employed for a particular function. In the case of the English future, a combination of a motion verb (go) and a purpose clause (to infinitive) is employed for a future function. This stage is motivated most likely to avoid misunderstanding, although expressiveness is also sometimes invoked. . . . The construction be going to probably spread from the closely related meaning of a motion event undertaken with an intended future outcome (the purpose clause). In the fusion stage, the periphrastic construction becomes a fixed, distinct, independent construction employed specifically for the function in question. . . . This stage has clearly occurred with future be going to: it is fixed in the use of the specific verb go and the present progressive form. Finally, erosion occurs: as the construction becomes entrenched, it is phonologically and morpholo gically reduced . . .. The future be going to has commonly be reduced to the contracted form of be plus the reduced unit gonna.​  (William Croft, Evolutionary Models and Functional-Typological Theories. The Handbook of the History of English, ed. by Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Pronunciation: per-eh-FRAS-tik